Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Haematology > Red Blood Cells > Flashcards

Red Blood Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What is significant about red blood cells not having a nucleus?

A

They cannot replicate or repair damage therefore they have a limited lifespan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why do RBCs need to go through the process of glycolyisis?

A

They do not have any mitochondria

Glycolysis is the only way they can produce ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is significant about the biconcave shape of a RBC

A

Has a high surface are : volume ration

Extremely flexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What shape is haemoglobin?

A

Tetrameric globular protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the normal globulin structure in a Hb molecule?

A

2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of haemoglobin molecule has 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains?

A

Foetal Hb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is metHb?

A

When the haem group is Fe3+ and not Fe2+

It cannot carry ocygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does metHb occur?

A

The iron becomes oxidised through free radicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 main functions of haemoglobin?

A

Deliver O2 to tissues
Act as an H+ buffer
CO2 transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does RBC destruction normally occur?

A

The spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens to globulin cells when Hb isbroken down?

A

They become recycled as amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the breakdown products of haem?

A

Bilirubin and iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens to bilirubin when Hb is first broken down?

A

Taken to the liver and conjugated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is bilirubin excreted?

A

In bile

Colours the faeces and urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What role do macrophages play in the destruction of RBCs

A

They take aged RBCs out of the circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What hormone secreted by the kidneys is responsible for the production of RBCs?

A

Erythropoietin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What triggers the release of erythropoietin?

A

Hypoxia

18
Q

Where are RBCs produced?

A

The bone marrow

19
Q

What molecule prevents the oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ ?

A

NADH

In the glycolysis pathway

20
Q

What removes hydrogen peroxide by converting it to H2O?

A

Glutathione

21
Q

What is the rate limiting enzyme in the process of Glutathione reacting with H2O2

A

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

22
Q

What is significant about the gene that codes for Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase?

A

Its X linked

Meaning any kind of deletion or mutation can cause significant problems, especially in men

23
Q

What generates NADPH

A

Hexose Monophosphate Shunt

24
Q

How muh CO2 is removed through dissolving in solution>

A

10%

25
Q

How much CO2 is removed as bicarbonate?

A

60%

26
Q

What does CO2 bound with Hb make? And how much CO2 is removed this way?

A

Carbamino-Hb

30%

27
Q

What is significant about the saturation of foetal Hb?

A

It saturates more at the same level of pO2 than adult Hb does

28
Q

What is the molecule responsible for regulating O2 release from haemoglobin?

A

2,3-bisphosphoglycerate

2,3-BPG

29
Q

What pathway is 2,3-BPG produced in?

A

The Rapoport-Lubering Shunt

30
Q

What direction does 2,3-BPG shift the curve?

A

Right

Increases release of O2 to tissues

31
Q

What cells in the kidneys detect hypoxia and where are they located?

A

Cortical Interstitial fibroblasts

Near peritubular capillaries and proximal convoluted tube

32
Q

Other than erythropoietin, what else is required to make red blood cells?

A

B12

Folate

33
Q

What is the definition of haemopoiesis?

A

Production of blood cells

34
Q

How many RBCs are produced per minute?

A

100million roughly

35
Q

What type of stem cell do erythrocytes (RBCs) come from?

A

Myeloid Stem Cells

36
Q

At what point is the nucleus of an erythrocyte lost?

A

When the reticulocyte is formed

37
Q

List the stages of erythropoiesis from pronormoblast –> RBC

A 
Pronormoblast
Basophillic / early normoblast
Polychromatophilic normoblast
Orthochromatic normoblast
Reticulocyte
Erythrocyte
38
Q

Where is a common site for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy?

A

Posterior iliac crests

39
Q

In an adult, where does haemopoiesis occur

A

Bone marrow of vertebrae, pelvis, sternum and proximal ends of the femur and humerous.
Small contribution from ribs, scapulae and skull

40
Q

What is the name of the transcription factor which enhances cells to increase their expression of erythropoietin gene?

A

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor

HIF-1

41
Q

How is iron transported in the blood?

A

As transferrin

42
Q

How is iron stored?

A

As ferritin

usually in the liver

Haematology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions