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HEMATOLOGY 1 LEC > RED BLOOD CELL > Flashcards

RED BLOOD CELL Flashcards

1
Q

Normal Red Blood Cell
● _________, ________, _________
● Have ______________________
● Diameter: ____________
● Have ___________
● ____________is filled with hemoglobin

A

Normal Red Blood Cell
● Fragile, biconcave, disk-like
structure
● Have smooth round surface
● Diameter: 7.5-7.8 um
● Have no nucleus.
● Whole cell is filled with
hemoglobim

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2
Q

The term used to express RBCs of
normal size

A

Normocytic

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3
Q

Mature RBCs will also have
appropriate hemoglobin content, giving them a
red-orange appearance on Wright-stained smears.
These cells will display a central pallor no larger
than 3 microns in diameter

A

Normochromic

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4
Q

3 types of abnormalities may occur in RBCs:

A
  1. Anisocytosis
  2. Poilkilocytosis
  3. Inclusions in RBC
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5
Q

If the size of RBC varies, in the same
blood film, beyond normal limits.

A

Anisocytosis

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6
Q

When the shapes of RBCs vary more
than expected in normal individuals.

A

Poikilocytosis

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7
Q

Abnormal structures present in
RBC having certain staining characteristics

A

Inclusions in RBC

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8
Q

ANISOCYTOSIS
Variations in size are as follows:
1.
2.

A

Macrocytosis
Microcytosis

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9
Q

When the average size of RBC is more than
normal

A

Macrocytosis:

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10
Q

When the average size of RBC is less than
normal

A

Microcytosis

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11
Q

Example of macrocytosis

A

Megaloblastic anemia, Aplastic anemia

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12
Q

Example of microcytosis

A

IDA, thalassemia

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13
Q

POIKILOCYTOSIS
Abnormality in shape may be of the
following types:
1.
2.
(11

A
  1. Spherocytes
  2. Ovalocytes
    Eliptocytes
    Codocyte/Target Cells
    Sickle cells
    Dacrocyte/Tear drop
    Schistocytes
    Crenated cells
    Burr cells
    Stomatocytes
    Hypochromasia
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14
Q

small densely staining
spherical RBC with no central pallor
area.

A

Spherocytes

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15
Q

oval-shaped RBC

A

Ovalocytes

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16
Q

: Elongated narrow
red cells. Feature of IDA

A

Eliptocytes

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17
Q

Hypochromic red cells showing
central spot of Hb

A

Codocyte/Target Cells:

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18
Q

are thin crescentshaped, or boat-shaped cells
elongated, deeply staining red
cells with pointed ends

A

Sickle cells

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19
Q

also called pear shaped cell

A

Dacrocyte/Tear drop

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20
Q

fragmented RBCs
of various shaped and sizes.

A

Schistocytes

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21
Q

echinocytes with
evenly distributed blunt spicules
of uniform size on their surface

A

Crenated cells

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22
Q

are also echinocytes
but their spicules are reversible

A

Burr cells:

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23
Q

central biconcave area
appears slit-like.

A

Stomatocytes

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24
Q

RBCs which are
deficient in Hb. Appear ring-shaped
because the central palor in increased.

A

Hypochromasia

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25
Q

Example of Spherocytes

A

Hemolytic anemia, drug induced, snake venom, ABO HDN

HDSA

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26
Q

Example of ovalocytes

A

IDA, megaloblastic anemia

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27
Q

Example of Codocyte/Target Cells

A

Thalassaemia syndrome,
sickle cell disease, liver disease,
obstructive jaundice

TSLO

28
Q

Example of Sickle cells

A

Sickle cell disease,
including sickle cell anemia (S/S)
sickle cell/ thalassemia

SST

29
Q

Example of Dacrocyte/Tear drop

A

IDA

30
Q

Example of Schistocytes

A

severe burns, drugs, toxins
and DIC

SDTD

31
Q

Example of burr cells

A

uremia, acute blood loss and
Pyruvate Kinase deficiency

UAP

32
Q

Example of stomatocytes

A

Hereditary stomatocytosis,
liver disease, alcoholism

HLA

33
Q

Example of Hypochromasia

A

IDA, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic
anemia

ITS

34
Q

Abnormal structures that are present in red cells are called __________ These are normally absent
in red cells.

A

inclusions

35
Q

small, rounded fragments of the nuclear material staining
reddish-blue to blue-black. These usually occur singly in RBC. During maturation in the bone marrow erythrocytes normally expel
their nuclei, but in some cases, a small
portion of DNA remains

A

Howell-Jolly bodies

36
Q

Example of Howell-Jolly bodies

A

splenectomy, alcoholism, sickle
cell anemia, megaloblastic anemia

SASM

37
Q

contains non hemoglobin iron
granules. Granules
appear bright blue.

A

Siderocytes

38
Q

Example of siderocytes

A

hemolytic anemia

39
Q

fine to coarse, deep blue to purple,
small but multiple inclusions
of varying sizes.

A

Basophilic Stippling

40
Q

Example of basophilic stippling

A

thalassemia,
megaloblastic anemia, liver
disease, lead poisoning and
infections

TMLLI

41
Q

A stack-like arrangement of RBCs in blood or in diluted suspensions of blood in which their biconcave surfaces are next to each other.

A

ROULEAUX FORMATION

42
Q

cause of rouleaux formation

A

It happens with increased serum proteins, particularly fibrinogen and globulins.

43
Q

Give me the three formulas of MCV, MCH, MCHC

A
44
Q

Mean cell volume means

A

Average volume of the red blood cell

45
Q

Mean cell hemoglobins

A

Average weight of hemoglobin in the RBC

46
Q

Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration

A

Average concentration of hemoglobin in the RBC volume

47
Q

Give me the units of MCV

A

femtoliters (fl) or 10-15 liter

48
Q

Give me the units of MCH

A

picograms (pg) or 10 -12 liter

49
Q

Give me the unit of MCHC

A

grams/ deciliter (g/dl)

50
Q

Sources of error in MCV
* INCREASE:

A
  • Autoagglutination
  • Hyperosmolar State
  • Old Specimen
51
Q
  • False increase of MCH and
    MCHC
A

Turbid Plasma
Autoagglutination

52
Q

Measure of the degree of variation of the size of red cells

A

RED CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH

53
Q

IN RDW If >14.5, there is an increased variation in terms
of size, thus resulting to ____________

A

anisocytosis

54
Q

A heterogenous group of nucleated cells found in the
blood circulation

A

White Blood Cells (leukocytes)

55
Q

● Play an important role in immunity of the body

A

White Blood Cells (leukocytes)

56
Q

2 Classifications of white blood cells

A
  1. Granulocyte
  2. Agranulocyte
57
Q

NEUTROPHIL

  • In the circulation:
  • Size:
  • Nucleus:
  • Cytoplasm:
  • Cytoplasmic Granules:
  • Function:
  • Life span:
A

NEUTROPHIL
* In the circulation: Mainly mature
segmented neutrophils
* Size: 10-14 um
* Nucleus: Central or eccentric blue violet 3-
4 lobes, connected by chromatin thread
* Cytoplasm: Pale blue to pink
* Cytoplasmic Granules: Azurophilic, fine,
closely packed, violet-pink/fine lilac to pink,
not seen separately, and do not cover
nucleus
* Function: Defense against bacterial
infection (phagocytosis)
* Life span: 6-10 hrs (circulation); 5 days
(tissues)

58
Q

Give me the 6 NEUTROPHIL GRANULES

A
  • Proteases
  • Lysozymes
  • Myeloperoxidases
  • NADPH oxidase
  • Defensins
  • Oxidizing agents
59
Q

BAND NEUTROPHILS
* Band cell, immature neutrophil
* In the circulation: ___________
* Size: __________
* Nucleus: ____________
* Normally account for approx. 5-10%
of peripheral blood leukocytes

A

BAND NEUTROPHILS
* Band cell, immature neutrophil
* In the circulation: small in number
* Size: 10-14 um
* Nucleus: non-segmented, C or S
shaped nuclei
* Normally account for approx. 5-10%
of peripheral blood leukocytes

60
Q

EOSINOPHIL
* BI-LOBED
* Size: _________
* Nucleus: ____________
* Cytoplasm: _____________
* Cytoplasmic Granules: _____________
* Major basic protein
* Function: ______________
* Life span: ______________

A

EOSINOPHIL
* BI-LOBED
* Size: 10-14 um
* Nucleus: Central or eccentric purplish blue 2
lobes, connected by a thick chromatin thread,
“spectacle shaped”
* Cytoplasm: acidophilic, light pink to red
* Cytoplasmic Granules: Eosinophilic, large,
coarse, uniform sized, brick red to orange, seen
separately, does not cover nucleus
* Major basic protein
* Function: involved in allergy (neutralize
basophil and mast cell products) and parasitic
infections
* Life span: 6-10 hrs (circulation); 5 days (tissues)

61
Q

GIVE ME THE 6 EOSINOPHIL GRANULES

A
  • Acid phosphatase
  • Arylsulfatase
  • Major basic protein
  • Eosinophilic cationic protein
  • Eosinophil derived neurotoxin
  • Eosinophil peroxidase
62
Q

BASOPHIL

Size:
* Nucleus:
* Cytoplasm:
* Cytoplasmic Granules:
* Function:
* Life span:

A

BASOPHILSize: 10-15 um
* Nucleus: Central, 2-3 lobes, blue-violet Sshaped, not clearly seen due to overlaying of
granules
* Cytoplasm: Bluish, basophilic, full of granules
* Cytoplasmic Granules: Large, very coarse,
variable in size, deep-bluish purple, observed
separately, completely fill the center and
obscure the nucleus
* Function: Allergic inflammation progression
and maintenance
* Life span: Exist for only a few hours in the
bloodstream

63
Q

give me the 5 BASOPHIL GRANULES

A

Heparin
* Histamine
* Bradykinin
* Serotonin
* Eosinophil chemotactic factor

64
Q

LYMPHOCYTE
The smallest WBC
* Same size as the RBCs
* Size:
* Nucleus:
* Cytoplasm:
* Cytoplasmic Granules:
* Function:
* Types:

A

LYMPHOCYTE
The smallest WBC
* Same size as the RBCs
* Size: 7-9 um (Small lymphocyte); 10-15
um (Large lymphocyte)
* Nucleus: Eccentric, indented, large round
nucleus, deep purplish blue
* Cytoplasm: Scanty, sparse, light blue color
* Cytoplasmic Granules: None
* Function: Defense against viral infections,
specific acquired immunity, participates in
cell-mediated and humoral immunity
* Types: T-cell, B-cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell

65
Q

MONOCYTE
* Circulation:
* Size:
* Nucleus:
* Cytoplasm:
* Cytoplasmic Granules:
* Function:
* Life span:

A

MONOCYTE
Circulation: Monocyte; Tissues:
Macrophages
* Size: 12-20 um
* Nucleus: pale blue violet, large, single,
indented or horse shoe or kidney-shaped,
occupies almost one-half of the
* Cytoplasm: Dull grayish blue/pale blue;
“ground-glass appearance”; clear, may
contain digestive vacuole
* Cytoplasmic Granules: Azurophilic, fine lilac
granules
* Function: Phagocytosis, bacterial killing,
antigen presentation
* Life span: 70 hours (peripheral blood)

HEMATOLOGY 1 LEC (5 decks)

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