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HEMATOLOGY 1 LEC > RED BLOOD CELL > Flashcards

RED BLOOD CELL Flashcards

1
Q

Normal Red Blood Cell
● _________, ________, _________
● Have ______________________
● Diameter: ____________
● Have ___________
● ____________is filled with hemoglobin

A

Normal Red Blood Cell
● Fragile, biconcave, disk-like
structure
● Have smooth round surface
● Diameter: 7.5-7.8 um
● Have no nucleus.
● Whole cell is filled with
hemoglobim

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2
Q

The term used to express RBCs of
normal size

A

Normocytic

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3
Q

Mature RBCs will also have
appropriate hemoglobin content, giving them a
red-orange appearance on Wright-stained smears.
These cells will display a central pallor no larger
than 3 microns in diameter

A

Normochromic

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4
Q

3 types of abnormalities may occur in RBCs:

A
  1. Anisocytosis
  2. Poilkilocytosis
  3. Inclusions in RBC
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5
Q

If the size of RBC varies, in the same
blood film, beyond normal limits.

A

Anisocytosis

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6
Q

When the shapes of RBCs vary more
than expected in normal individuals.

A

Poikilocytosis

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7
Q

Abnormal structures present in
RBC having certain staining characteristics

A

Inclusions in RBC

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8
Q

ANISOCYTOSIS
Variations in size are as follows:
1.
2.

A

Macrocytosis
Microcytosis

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9
Q

When the average size of RBC is more than
normal

A

Macrocytosis:

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10
Q

When the average size of RBC is less than
normal

A

Microcytosis

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11
Q

Example of macrocytosis

A

Megaloblastic anemia, Aplastic anemia

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12
Q

Example of microcytosis

A

IDA, thalassemia

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13
Q

POIKILOCYTOSIS
Abnormality in shape may be of the
following types:
1.
2.
(11

A
  1. Spherocytes
  2. Ovalocytes
    Eliptocytes
    Codocyte/Target Cells
    Sickle cells
    Dacrocyte/Tear drop
    Schistocytes
    Crenated cells
    Burr cells
    Stomatocytes
    Hypochromasia
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14
Q

small densely staining
spherical RBC with no central pallor
area.

A

Spherocytes

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15
Q

oval-shaped RBC

A

Ovalocytes

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16
Q

: Elongated narrow
red cells. Feature of IDA

A

Eliptocytes

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17
Q

Hypochromic red cells showing
central spot of Hb

A

Codocyte/Target Cells:

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18
Q

are thin crescentshaped, or boat-shaped cells
elongated, deeply staining red
cells with pointed ends

A

Sickle cells

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19
Q

also called pear shaped cell

A

Dacrocyte/Tear drop

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20
Q

fragmented RBCs
of various shaped and sizes.

A

Schistocytes

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21
Q

echinocytes with
evenly distributed blunt spicules
of uniform size on their surface

A

Crenated cells

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22
Q

are also echinocytes
but their spicules are reversible

A

Burr cells:

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23
Q

central biconcave area
appears slit-like.

A

Stomatocytes

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24
Q

RBCs which are
deficient in Hb. Appear ring-shaped
because the central palor in increased.

A

Hypochromasia

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25
Example of Spherocytes
Hemolytic anemia, drug induced, snake venom, ABO HDN HDSA
26
Example of ovalocytes
IDA, megaloblastic anemia
27
Example of Codocyte/Target Cells
Thalassaemia syndrome, sickle cell disease, liver disease, obstructive jaundice TSLO
28
Example of Sickle cells
Sickle cell disease, including sickle cell anemia (S/S) sickle cell/ thalassemia SST
29
Example of Dacrocyte/Tear drop
IDA
30
Example of Schistocytes
severe burns, drugs, toxins and DIC SDTD
31
Example of burr cells
uremia, acute blood loss and Pyruvate Kinase deficiency UAP
32
Example of stomatocytes
Hereditary stomatocytosis, liver disease, alcoholism HLA
33
Example of Hypochromasia
IDA, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia ITS
34
Abnormal structures that are present in red cells are called __________ These are normally absent in red cells.
inclusions
35
small, rounded fragments of the nuclear material staining reddish-blue to blue-black. These usually occur singly in RBC. During maturation in the bone marrow erythrocytes normally expel their nuclei, but in some cases, a small portion of DNA remains
Howell-Jolly bodies
36
Example of Howell-Jolly bodies
splenectomy, alcoholism, sickle cell anemia, megaloblastic anemia SASM
37
contains non hemoglobin iron granules. Granules appear bright blue.
Siderocytes
38
Example of siderocytes
hemolytic anemia
39
fine to coarse, deep blue to purple, small but multiple inclusions of varying sizes.
Basophilic Stippling
40
Example of basophilic stippling
thalassemia, megaloblastic anemia, liver disease, lead poisoning and infections TMLLI
41
A stack-like arrangement of RBCs in blood or in diluted suspensions of blood in which their biconcave surfaces are next to each other.
ROULEAUX FORMATION
42
cause of rouleaux formation
It happens with increased serum proteins, particularly fibrinogen and globulins.
43
Give me the three formulas of MCV, MCH, MCHC
44
Mean cell volume means
Average volume of the red blood cell
45
Mean cell hemoglobins
Average weight of hemoglobin in the RBC
46
Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration
Average concentration of hemoglobin in the RBC volume
47
Give me the units of MCV
femtoliters (fl) or 10-15 liter
48
Give me the units of MCH
picograms (pg) or 10 -12 liter
49
Give me the unit of MCHC
grams/ deciliter (g/dl)
50
Sources of error in MCV * INCREASE:
* Autoagglutination * Hyperosmolar State * Old Specimen
51
* False increase of MCH and MCHC
Turbid Plasma Autoagglutination
52
Measure of the degree of variation of the size of red cells
RED CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH
53
IN RDW If >14.5, there is an increased variation in terms of size, thus resulting to ____________
anisocytosis
54
A heterogenous group of nucleated cells found in the blood circulation
White Blood Cells (leukocytes)
55
● Play an important role in immunity of the body
White Blood Cells (leukocytes)
56
2 Classifications of white blood cells
1. Granulocyte 2. Agranulocyte
57
NEUTROPHIL * In the circulation: * Size: * Nucleus: * Cytoplasm: * Cytoplasmic Granules: * Function: * Life span:
NEUTROPHIL * In the circulation: Mainly mature segmented neutrophils * Size: 10-14 um * Nucleus: Central or eccentric blue violet 3- 4 lobes, connected by chromatin thread * Cytoplasm: Pale blue to pink * Cytoplasmic Granules: Azurophilic, fine, closely packed, violet-pink/fine lilac to pink, not seen separately, and do not cover nucleus * Function: Defense against bacterial infection (phagocytosis) * Life span: 6-10 hrs (circulation); 5 days (tissues)
58
Give me the 6 NEUTROPHIL GRANULES
* Proteases * Lysozymes * Myeloperoxidases * NADPH oxidase * Defensins * Oxidizing agents
59
BAND NEUTROPHILS * Band cell, immature neutrophil * In the circulation: ___________ * Size: __________ * Nucleus: ____________ * Normally account for approx. 5-10% of peripheral blood leukocytes
BAND NEUTROPHILS * Band cell, immature neutrophil * In the circulation: small in number * Size: 10-14 um * Nucleus: non-segmented, C or S shaped nuclei * Normally account for approx. 5-10% of peripheral blood leukocytes
60
EOSINOPHIL * BI-LOBED * Size: _________ * Nucleus: ____________ * Cytoplasm: _____________ * Cytoplasmic Granules: _____________ * Major basic protein * Function: ______________ * Life span: ______________
EOSINOPHIL * BI-LOBED * Size: 10-14 um * Nucleus: Central or eccentric purplish blue 2 lobes, connected by a thick chromatin thread, “spectacle shaped” * Cytoplasm: acidophilic, light pink to red * Cytoplasmic Granules: Eosinophilic, large, coarse, uniform sized, brick red to orange, seen separately, does not cover nucleus * Major basic protein * Function: involved in allergy (neutralize basophil and mast cell products) and parasitic infections * Life span: 6-10 hrs (circulation); 5 days (tissues)
61
GIVE ME THE 6 EOSINOPHIL GRANULES
* Acid phosphatase * Arylsulfatase * Major basic protein * Eosinophilic cationic protein * Eosinophil derived neurotoxin * Eosinophil peroxidase
62
BASOPHIL Size: * Nucleus: * Cytoplasm: * Cytoplasmic Granules: * Function: * Life span:
BASOPHILSize: 10-15 um * Nucleus: Central, 2-3 lobes, blue-violet Sshaped, not clearly seen due to overlaying of granules * Cytoplasm: Bluish, basophilic, full of granules * Cytoplasmic Granules: Large, very coarse, variable in size, deep-bluish purple, observed separately, completely fill the center and obscure the nucleus * Function: Allergic inflammation progression and maintenance * Life span: Exist for only a few hours in the bloodstream
63
give me the 5 BASOPHIL GRANULES
Heparin * Histamine * Bradykinin * Serotonin * Eosinophil chemotactic factor
64
LYMPHOCYTE The smallest WBC * Same size as the RBCs * Size: * Nucleus: * Cytoplasm: * Cytoplasmic Granules: * Function: * Types:
LYMPHOCYTE The smallest WBC * Same size as the RBCs * Size: 7-9 um (Small lymphocyte); 10-15 um (Large lymphocyte) * Nucleus: Eccentric, indented, large round nucleus, deep purplish blue * Cytoplasm: Scanty, sparse, light blue color * Cytoplasmic Granules: None * Function: Defense against viral infections, specific acquired immunity, participates in cell-mediated and humoral immunity * Types: T-cell, B-cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell
65
MONOCYTE * Circulation: * Size: * Nucleus: * Cytoplasm: * Cytoplasmic Granules: * Function: * Life span:
MONOCYTE Circulation: Monocyte; Tissues: Macrophages * Size: 12-20 um * Nucleus: pale blue violet, large, single, indented or horse shoe or kidney-shaped, occupies almost one-half of the * Cytoplasm: Dull grayish blue/pale blue; “ground-glass appearance”; clear, may contain digestive vacuole * Cytoplasmic Granules: Azurophilic, fine lilac granules * Function: Phagocytosis, bacterial killing, antigen presentation * Life span: 70 hours (peripheral blood)

HEMATOLOGY 1 LEC (5 decks)

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