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HEMATOLOGY 1 LEC > INTRODUCTION TO HEMATOLOGY > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION TO HEMATOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

In year _______ He was one of the first
scientists to describe “worms” in the blood.

A

Athanasius Kircher - 1657

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2
Q

Athanasius Kircher was a ____, _______, ________

A

German Jesuit scholar,
polymath, and physician.

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3
Q

In his work, he made
observations about various aspects of the natural
world and is often considered one of the founders
of microscopy.

A

Athanasius Kircher

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4
Q

In year ________ A Dutch scientist,
is known for his groundbreaking work in
microscopy

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek - 1674

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5
Q

Anton van Leeuwenhoek observed and described
____________ under a microscope,
providing one of the earliest recorded observations
of these cells.

A

Red blood cells (RBC)

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6
Q

He is often referred to as the “father
of microbiology” for his contributions to the field of
microscopy and microbiology.

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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7
Q

An Italian physician and
pathologist, made significant contributions to the field
of hematology.

A

Giulio Bizzozero - late 1800’s

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8
Q

Giulio Bizzozero described
platelets as ___________ recognizing their role in
blood clotting.

A

“petites plaques,”

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9
Q

His work laid the foundation for our
understanding of platelet function in hemostasis.

A

Giulio Bizzozero

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10
Q

In year _______ a pathologist and
hematologist, known for his contributions to blood cell
staining techniques.

A

James Homer Wright (1902)

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11
Q

he developed the Wright
stain, a __________ that revolutionized the
field of hematology.

A

Romanowsky-type stain - James homer wright

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12
Q

This stain allowed for better
visualization and differentiation of various blood cell
types under the microscope.

A

Wright stain

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13
Q

Wright’s stain, which is a
mixture of ______ and _________became a
cornerstone in blood cell identification and continues
to be an essential tool in modern hematology
laboratories.

A

acidic and basic dyes

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14
Q

His work significantly improved the
accuracy of blood cell morphology analysis.

A

James Homer Wright

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15
Q

etymology of hematology

A

haimo and logia

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16
Q

In greek word haimo means ______ while in Latin logia means

A

blood and the study of

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17
Q

___________ it is a specialized body fluid.

A

Blood

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18
Q

Blood has four main components:

A

plasma, red
blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

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19
Q

Give me one different function of blood

A

● transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues
● forming blood clots to prevent excess blood loss
● carrying cells and antibodies that fight infection
● bringing waste products to the kidneys and liver, which filter and clean the
blood
● regulating body temperature

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20
Q

Characteristic of blood is ______ and viscous

A

Thick and viscous

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21
Q

Characteristic of blood is Fluid (in ____) red in color

A

● Fluid (in vivo) red in color

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22
Q

Characteristic of blood is Slightly _______ [pH 7.35 – 7.45]

A

● Slightly alkaline [pH 7.35 – 7.45]

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23
Q

what is the specific gravity of blood

A

● S.G. 1.045 – 1.065

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24
Q

What is the percentage of total body weight

A

7 – 8% of the total body weight Total volume

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25
Q

what is the Liter of urine if male and female

A

[M = 5-6 L; F = 4-5 L]

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26
Q

What is the percentage of blood?

A

8%

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27
Q

What is the percentage of other body fluids and tissues?

A

92%

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28
Q

What is the yellow portion of centrifuged sample of blood?

A

Plasma

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29
Q

What is the other red portion of centrifuged sample of blood?

A

Formed elements

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30
Q

The percentage of plasma in blood is ?

A

55%

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30
Q

The percentage of formed elements is?

A

45%

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31
Q

Whole blood is percentage by ________

A

volume

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32
Q

plasma is percentage by ________

A

weight

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33
Q

The percentage of proteins is ?

A

7%

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34
Q

The percentage of water?

A

91%

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35
Q

percentage of other solutes

A

2%

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36
Q

The percentage of leukocytes and platelets

A

lesser than 1 <1

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37
Q

The percentage of erythrocytes

A

> 99%

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38
Q

The percentage of albumin

A

57%

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39
Q

The percentage of globulin

A

38%

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40
Q

The percentage of fibrinogen

A

4%

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41
Q

The percentage of prothrombin

A

1%

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42
Q

Other solutes

A

Ions
Nutrients
waste products
Gas
regulatory substances

INWGR

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43
Q

Give me the three Granulocytes

A

Basophil
Eosinophil
Neutrophil

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44
Q

Give me the three Agranulocytes

A

Lymphocytes
Monocytes

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45
Q

Lymphocytes

A

T cell and B cell

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46
Q

Complete blood count (CBC), which includes:

A

● White blood cell count (WBC)
● Red blood cell count (RBC)
● Platelet count
● Hematocrit red blood cell volume (HCT)
● Hemoglobin concentration (HB). This is the
oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.
● Differential white blood count
● Red blood cell indices (measurements)

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47
Q

Lack, without,
abent,
decreased

A

a-/an-

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48
Q

Unequal,
dissimilar

A

Aniso-

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49
Q

before

A

Ante-

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50
Q

slow

A

Brady-

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51
Q

cell

A

Cyto-

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52
Q

through

A

Dia-

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53
Q

Abnormal,
difficult/bad

A

Dys-

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54
Q

red

A

Erythro-

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55
Q

iron

A

Ferr-

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56
Q

Pertaining to
blood

A

Hemo-

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57
Q

Above, beyond,
extreme

A

Hyper-

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58
Q

Beneath, under,
deficient/decreased

A

Hypo-

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59
Q

Equal/alike,
same

A

Iso

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60
Q

white

A

Leuko-

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61
Q

Large, long

A

Macro-

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62
Q

Bad/abnormal

A

Mal-

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63
Q

Large, giant

A

Mega-

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64
Q

After/next, change

A

Meta-

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65
Q

One

A

Mono-

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66
Q

shape

A

Morph-

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67
Q

From the BM,
spinal cord

A

Myel/o-

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68
Q

all/overall,
all/inclusive

A

Pan

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69
Q

Vein

A

Phleb-

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70
Q

Eat/ingest

A

Phago-

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71
Q

Varied, irregular

A

Poikilo-

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72
Q

Split

A

Schis-

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73
Q

hard

A

Scler-

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74
Q

spleen

A

Splen-

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75
Q

Clot, thrombus

A

Thromb/o-

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76
Q

yellow

A

Xanth-

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77
Q

primitive

A

-blast

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78
Q

cell

A

-cyte

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79
Q

Excision, cut out

A

-ectomy

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80
Q

blood

A

-emia

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81
Q

inflammation

A

-itis

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82
Q

Destruction,
dissolving

A

-lysis

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83
Q

Study of

A

-logy

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84
Q

Swelling, tumor

A

-oma

85
Q

disease

A

-opathy

86
Q

state/condition,
increase

A

-osis

87
Q

Decrease, lack
of

A

-penia

88
Q

Attracted to,
affinity for

A

-phil(ic)

89
Q

Cell production
or repair

A

-plasia

90
Q

Cell production,
formation, dev’t

A

-poiesis

91
Q

Stimulates
producition

A

-poietin

92
Q

Same, standing
still

A

-stasis

93
Q

nourishment

A

-trophy

94
Q

Aniso + cyt + osis

A

anisocytosis

95
Q

A + plasia

A

aplasia

96
Q

An + emia

A

anemia

97
Q

Dys + myelo + poiesis

A

dysmyelopoiesis

98
Q

Pan + myel(o) + osis

A

panmyelosis

99
Q

→ bright red (oxygenated)

A

● Arterial blood

100
Q

→ dark red (unoxygenated)

A

● Venous blood

101
Q

Dark, very granular/ grainy texture

A

Basophil

102
Q

Purple or pink grainy exterior, two-lobed nucleus

A

Eosinophil

103
Q

Multi-lobed segmented nucleus

A

Neurophil

104
Q

C-shaped nucleus immature neutrophil, seen in acute infections

A

Band (or stab) cell

105
Q

Very large nucleus with almost the same size of RBCs

A

Lymphocyte

106
Q

Kidney-shaped nucleus

A

Monocyte

107
Q

Smaller compared to RBCs and WBCs

A

Platelet

108
Q

Red blood cells, pink flat donut shaped with indented center

A

Erythrocyte

109
Q

formerly called T delayed hypersensitivity

A

Th1

110
Q

original T helper

A

Th2

111
Q

It is a supressor: known as T regulatory

A

Th3

112
Q

found in unclotted, anticoagulated

A

Plasma

113
Q

found in clotted, coagulated blood

A

Serum

114
Q

dark red in color; unoxygenated

A

venous blood

115
Q

bright red in color; oxygenated

A

arterial blood

116
Q

produces blue to purple color bind to acid nuclei

A

methylene blue (azure) - basic dye

117
Q

produces red color - bind to alkaline cytoplasm

A

eosin Y - acid dye

118
Q

What are the factors why female have lesser RBC count than males

A

females have menstrual cycles monthly
body structures of males is bigger
Hormonal contribution

119
Q

The average of human posseses ____ liters of blood

A

5 liters

120
Q

Blood transport oxygen from ______ to ________

A

lungs to tissues

121
Q

Blood transport _______, _____, ______ and moves wastes to the _____ and ________

A

glucose, proteins and fats - liver and kidney

122
Q

The liquid portion is ________, which among many components provides _______ that protects vessel from trauma and maintain circulation

A

plasma - coagulation enzymes

123
Q

_______ transport and nourishes blood cells

A

Plasma

124
Q

What are the three categories of blood cells

A

WBC, RBC, Platelets

125
Q

_________ is the study of blood cells

A

Hematology

126
Q

By expertly _____, _______, _____ and _______

A

staining, counting, analyzing and recording

127
Q

___________ is able to predict, detect and diagnose blood disease

A

medical laboratory scientist or technician

128
Q

_________ rely on hematology laboratory test results to select and monitor therapy for these disorders; consequently a ______ is ordered on nearly everyone who visits a physician or hospital

A

Physician / CBC

129
Q

is performed on automated hematology profiling instruments and includes the RBC, WBC, and platelets measurements

A

Complete blood counts (CBC)

130
Q

The medical laboratory professional to collect a blood specimen for the CBC

A

Specimen collection

131
Q

The specimen must be of sufficient volume as ______ result in incorrect anticoagulant to specimen ratios

A

Short draws

132
Q

There are three categories of bloof cells

A

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
white blood cell (Leukocytes)
Platelets (thrombocytes)

133
Q

________ is the study of cells

A

Hematology

134
Q

The specimen must be accurately registered in the work list
may be automated relying on bar code
frequency identification of technology

A

Accessioning

135
Q

Two types of specimen collection

A

out-patient department and in-patient department

136
Q

Most laboratories employ automated profiling instruments to generate CBC

A

Processing

137
Q

When one of the results from the profiling instrument is abnormal the instrument provides an indication of this sometimes called

A

Flag

138
Q

In this case a medical technologist should know how to manually process each parameter in order to counter ________

A

Check flags

139
Q

Give me the 8 RBC parameters

A

RBC count
HGB
HCT
MCV
MCHC
MCH
RDW
RETIC

140
Q

Give me the 5 parameters of WBC

A

WBC count
NEUT COUNT
LYMPH COUNT
MONO COUNT
EO AND BASO COUNT

141
Q

2 platelets parameter

A

PLT count
MPV

142
Q

__________ are anucleate, biconcave, discoid cells filled with reddish protein hemoglobin which transports ____ and ________

A

Red blood cells
Oxygen and carbon dioxide

143
Q

Historically, microscopists counted RBCs by carefully pipetting a tiny aliquot of whole blood and mixing it with _________

A

0.85% normal saline

144
Q

_________ was typical for RBC counts and a glass pipette designed to provide this dilution

A

1:200 dilution

145
Q

________ was routinely used until the advent of automation

A

Thoma pipette

146
Q

___________ are loosely related category of cell types dedicated to protecting their host from infection and injury

A

White blood cells

147
Q

___________are only 2-4 um in diameter; round, oval or anucleate

A

PLATELETS

148
Q

platelets sometimes called as ________

A

cell fragments

149
Q

Hemoglobin an aliquot is whole blood is mixed with a measured volume of ______

A

Drabkin reagent

150
Q

Hemoglobin is converted to stable ________

A

cyanmethemoglobin (hemoglobincyanide)

151
Q

__________ is the ratio of volume of packed RBC

A

Hematocrit

152
Q

The medical laboratory professional may use the three numerical results

A

RBC INDICES

153
Q

reflects RBC diameter on a wright stained blood film

A

MCV - mean corpuscular volume

154
Q

expressed in g/dl reflects in RBC staining intensity and amount of central pallor

A

MCHC - Mean corpuscular Hemoglobin concentration

155
Q

_______-in picograms (pg) express the mass of hemoglobin and parallels in mCHC

A

MCH - ,mean corpuscular hemoglobin

156
Q

Give me the calculation of MCV

A

hct /RBC X 10

157
Q

Give me the calculation of MCHC

A

hgb/RBC X 10

158
Q

Give me the calculation of MCH

A

hgb/Hct X 100

159
Q

Red blood cell volume in millions per ________

A

microliter

160
Q

Hematocrit in _________

A

percent

161
Q

Hemglobin in grams per _________

A

deciliter

162
Q

To accomplish a BFE the microscopist should prepare a ______

A

Wedge-prep

163
Q

__________ are phagocytotic cells whose major purpose is to englulf and destroy microorganisms and foreign materials

A

Neutrophils

164
Q

_________ are less fifferentiatred or less mature neutrophils

A

BANDS

165
Q

________ refers to their multilobed nuclei

A

segmented - neutrophils

166
Q

_________are cells with bright orange red regular cytoplasmic granules

A

Eosinophils

167
Q

__________are cells with dark purple irregular cytoplasmic granules

A

Basophils

168
Q

basophils contains _______ and _______

A

histamines and various proteins

169
Q

__________ are the largest of white blood cells and nearlty size of RBC

A

monocytes

170
Q

do not have kidney bean shape and smaller

A

lymphocytes

171
Q

OSHA
CLSI
DHHS
CAP
The joint commission

A

occupational safety and health administration
clinical and laboratory standards institute
Department of health and human services
college american pathologists
The joint commission on accreditation of healthcare organizations

172
Q

________ is one of the most important safety practices

A

handwashing

173
Q

__________must be washed with soap and water
if water is not available _____ may be used

A

Hands - alcohol at least 62%minimum

174
Q

what are the four occupational hazards

A
  1. fire hazards
  2. chemical hazards
  3. Electrical hazards
  4. Needle punctures
175
Q

give me the sites that need to be avoided

A

Burns, scars, tattoos
Damaged veins
Edema
Hematoma
Mastectomy
IV line, cannula, fistula

6 - BDEHMI

176
Q

Ask the patient their full name and compare the information on the request form

A

Conscious patients ( out patient)

177
Q

Ask the patient their full name and compare the information bracelet and request form

A

Conscious patient - in patient

178
Q

Awaken sleeping patient before attempting venipuncture

A

Sleeping patient

179
Q

Enter the skin with needle at approx _________

A

30 degree angle bevel up

180
Q

Put on gloves cleanse the venipuncture site with _______

A

70% isopropyl alcohol

181
Q

Give me the order of draw

A

Stop yellow
Light blue
Red
Gold
Light green
Green
Lavender
Gray

182
Q

Properly recap the needle using _____

A

Fishing out

183
Q

Warning signs perspiration beads on the forehead
Hyperventilation, loss of color

A

Syncope

184
Q

Fainting

A

Vasogal syncope

185
Q

Experience hypoglycemia because they fasted

A

Diabetic shock

186
Q

Px become unconscious and exhibit mild to violent

A

Convulsions

187
Q

Serum/plasma that contains large amounts of bilirubin
Px presents with jaundice

A

Icteric

188
Q

Serum/plasma contains large amounts of fats and lipids
May be due to px not fasting

A

Lipemic

189
Q

Serum/plasma contaminated with RBC contents

A

Hemolyzed

190
Q

Capillary puncture procedures

Lancet/incision devices

A

Finger puncture
Heel puncture
Laser lancet

191
Q

Composition of capillary blood

A

Arterial blood
Venous blood
Interstitial fluid
Intracellular fluid

192
Q

Fleshy area, slightly off center, perpendicular to whorls of fingerprint

A

Finger puncture

193
Q

Medial or lateral plantar surface

A

Heel puncture

194
Q

Test that can be performed by capillary puncture

A

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Coagulation studies that requires plasmabllod cultures
Tests that require large volume of blood

195
Q

Order of the draw

A

Slides
EDTA specimens
Other additives specimens
Serum specimens

196
Q

Gold inversion

A

5

197
Q

Light green inversion

A

8

198
Q

Red inversion

A

5

199
Q

Orange inversion

A

5-6

200
Q

Orange inversion

A

8

201
Q

Royal Blue inversion

A

8

202
Q

Green inversion

A

8 inversion

203
Q

Gray inversion

A

8

204
Q

Tan inversion

A

8

205
Q

Yellow inversion

A

8

206
Q

White inversion

A

8

207
Q

Pink inversion

A

8

208
Q

Light blue inversion

A

3-4

209
Q

Clear inversion

A

0

HEMATOLOGY 1 LEC (5 decks)

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