Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HEMATOLOGY 1 LEC > RBC ABNORMALITIES > Flashcards

RBC ABNORMALITIES Flashcards

1
Q

> even distribution of RBCs in the thin
portion adjacent to the feather end of the film

A

Ideal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

RBCs should be slightly separated
from one another or barely touching without
overlapping; should represent 1/3 of the entire
film

A

Thin area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

may overlap or lie on top of one
another, making them unsuitable

A

Thicker portions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Not separated with each
other; appear in
short/long stacks
resembling coins

A

ROULEAUX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Happens when their
biconcave surfaces are in
apposition

A

ROULEAUX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Increased ESR

A

ROULEAUX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Increased
fibrinogen(tissue
necrosis)= long stacks

A

ROULEAUX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hyperproteinemia, MM,
macroglobulinemia

A

ROULEAUX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cells are in clusters or
masses when exposed to
antibodies

A

2) AGGLUTINATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

normal or in disease
state ( atypical
pneumonia or hemolytic
anemia)

A

Autoagglutination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

clumping at below 25°C

A

COLD AGGLUTININ DSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Increased MCV in
automated machine-
(artifactual) since clumps
are counted as one.

A

2) AGGLUTINATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • Increasing central pallor,
    decreasing hemoglobin
    concentration
  • Caused by impaired Hb
    synthesis
  • Associated most often with
    microcytosis; (e.g. IDA,
    thalassemia, sideroblastic
    anemia)
A

HYPOCHROMIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Clear central pallor (1/3)

A

NORMOCHROMIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • lack of central pallor
    aasociated with
    macrocytosis
  • MCHC is elevated in
    true hyperchromia
  • Examples are HA,
    including hemolysis
    caused by burns
A

HYPERCHROMIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

SIZE (1-3)

A
  1. Normocytic
  2. Macrocytic
  3. Microcytic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MACROCYTIC

If diameter exceeds _______ and MCV exceeds _________
* Low Vitamin B12, alcoholism with or w/out liver
disease, cancer chemotherapy, chronic HA with
reticulocytosis, myeloma etc.
* Diffusely basophilic (polychromatophilic red
cells)/Prematurely released red cells called ________
cells, occurs as a result of stimulated erythropoiesis

A

8.5-9µm
100fL
“shift”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

MICROCYTIC

  • Small RBC, occurs when MCV is below ______
  • Characteristic of IDA
A

80 fL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

lack central pallor and appear to have
increased Hb seen in HA,hereditary spherocytosis

A

Spherocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

thinner than normal and have a
colorless center; increased surface area that is out of
the proportion to the volume; Smaller leptocytes are
seen in thalassemia, Hb C, steatorrhea, may be
normocytic or microcytic

A

Leptocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Red cells showing variation in
population size or diameter in
the blood

A

ANISOCYTOSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

This is correlated with Red
Cell Distribution Width

A

ANISOCYTOSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

An estimate of erythrocyte
variation in sizes, calculated in
most automated analyzers, and
is used as index of red cell
population heterogeneity

A

RED CELL DISTRIBUTION
WIDTH (RDW)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Principle (Coulter S-plus):
Using a 256 channel pulse
height discriminator, RBCs are
enumerated in the three
RBC/Plt apertures as particles
from 36 – 360 fl

A

RED CELL DISTRIBUTION
WIDTH (RDW)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

RED CELL DISTRIBUTION
WIDTH (RDW)

  • Reference values: _______ - ________
A

11.5 – 14.5 %

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

-Large oval shaped cells with marked
increased MCV

A
  1. OVAL MACROCYTES (MACROOVALOCYTES)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

-Occur due to nuclear maturation defect in
the early marrow cells caused by Vit B12 or
folate deficiency; strongly suggest
MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA.

A
  1. OVAL MACROCYTES (MACROOVALOCYTES)
28
Q

Elliptical egg-shaped/oval to sausage shaped
- N:<10%, H or A, of decreased skeletal membrane
protein band 4.1
Seen: Hereditary Elliptocytosis, IDA, MMM

A
  1. Elliptocytes (Ovalocytes)
29
Q
  • Round, small red cells, lacks central pallor, showing an
    intense staining affinity.
    -H or A, seen in: HS, Acquired HA, Burned patient
A
  1. SPHEROCYTE
30
Q

-central area of Hb surrounded by a relatively colorless ring, appear
like a bell or tall hat shaped, or Mexican hat shell
-A; Membrane surface is increased after loading of the
membrane with cholesterol and phospholipids

A
  1. Codocytes (Target Cells) (Gr. kodon – bell)
31
Q
  • Having many UNIFORM tiny (blunt) spicules on their surfaces;
    represent artifact on films; should not be reported
    COMMON CAUSES:
  • Films made from long hour standing (stored) anticoagulated
    blood; depleted ATP levels
  • Due to release of basic substances from glass slide that changes
    the pH
    -Using a moist saline preparation of red cells in an elevated pH
A

. ECHINOCYTES (Crenated Cells) (Gr. Echinos – sea
urchin)

32
Q
  • Having IRREGULARLY SIZED AND UNEVENLY spaced spicules, that
    differs from echinocytes, and should be reported when seen.
  • Related to INCREASE IN BUN (Uremia).
A
  1. Burr cells
33
Q

Small, densely stained RBCs having few irregular, large pointed
spicules or thorn like projections
-H or A; caused by changes in ratio of plasma lipids (LS ratio)
Seen:
Abetalipoproteinemia (rare congenital syndrome with HA, retinal
degeneration, and steatorrhea)
Alcoholic cirrhosis with HA; Postsplenectomy; Lipid Membrane
Disorders

A
  1. Acanthocytes (Gr. Acantho: thorn or spike)
34
Q
  • Having an elongated or slit like
    area of central pallor (mouth
    shaped)
  • H or A membrane defect in the
    Na+:K+ transport ratio (high IC
    Na+ and low K+) and a greatly
    increased rate of active cat ion trn
A
  1. Stomatocytes (Gr. Stoma:mouth)
35
Q

Undergoes cleavage and
fragmentation (fragmented cells)
- Process is associated with either small
blood vessel disease or fibrin in small
blood vessel and results in intravascular
fragmentation
- Indicates hemolysis seen n:
MAHA, Severe burns, Renal graft
rejection, Glomerulonephritis,
Vasculitis

A
  1. Schistocytes
    (Schizocytes) (gr. Schistos: cloven or
    schizon split)
36
Q

schistocyte w/ 1
or more horn like
projections.; a rare
phenomenon;
should be
reported as
SCHISTOCYTE

A

Keratocyte

37
Q

A result of RBC
being caught on a
fibrin strand w/c
could cut it to two.
When this escapes,
it may have a
vacuole like area
(blister cell)-asso
with G6PD

A

poilkilocytes

38
Q

Teardrop or pear shaped cells
-Red cells containing Heinz bodies that
squeeze through the splenic (micro-)
sinuses, hence, will have its original shaped
stretched.
-Seen in:
n in:
MMM
Heinz body anemia
Myelophthisic Anemia

A
  1. Dacrocytes/Dacryocytes (Teardrop
    Cells) Gr. Dakry (tear)
39
Q

Usually seen in severe burns as
small, round cells, as a result of
thermal damage to the
membrane, and
Pyropoikilocytes

A
  1. MICROSPHEROCYTES
40
Q

-Rare hereditary HA associated
with heat sensitivity at 45° C
(Normocytes fragment at 49°C)

A
  1. MICROSPHEROCYTES
41
Q

Are large fragments of red cell membrane
with their contents being extruded, and
stain pale pink forming a half moon or
crescent shape cell

A
  1. Semilunar Bodies
42
Q
  • Frequently seen in malaria
A
  1. Semilunar Bodies
43
Q

Are large fragments of
red cell membrane with their contents
being extruded, and stain pale pink forming
a half moon or crescent shape cell

A
  1. Drepanocytes (Sickle Cells)
    (Drepanos –Sickle)
44
Q
  • Frequently seen in malaria
A
  1. Drepanocytes (Sickle Cells)
    (Drepanos –Sickle)
45
Q

3 POIKILOCYTES SECONDARY TO ABNORMAL
HEMOGLOBIN CONTENT

A
  1. Drepanocytes (Sickle Cells)
    (Drepanos –Sickle)
  2. Hemoglobin CC Crystals
  3. Hemoglobin SC Crystals
46
Q

Intracellular hexagonal crystals with blunt ends and stains
darkly; forms within the red cell membrane when Hb C
crystallizes.

A
  1. Hemoglobin CC Crystals
47
Q

Dark-hued crystals of condensed Hb that distorts RBC
membrane.

A
  1. Hemoglobin SC Crystals
48
Q

2 forms: Crystalline projections often straight with parallel
sides and one blunt, pointed, protruding, end (Washington
monument shape)
- One or more fingerlike blunt pointed projections, that
protrude from the cell membrane in different directions

A
  1. Hemoglobin SC Crystals
49
Q

RBC INCLUSION BODIES
ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENTAL ORGANELLES

A
  1. HOWELL – JOLLY
    BODIES
  2. Basophilic Stippling (Punctate basophilia)
50
Q

-small round fragments of a
metarubricyte and stain reddish
blue in Wright’s; result from
kharyorrhexis or from incomplete
extrusion of nucleus during mitosis,
give positive Feulgen reaction

A
  1. HOWELL – JOLLY
    BODIES
51
Q

Irregularly shaped basophilic (deep blue with
Wright’s) granules; represents aggregates of
ribosomes

A
  1. Basophilic Stippling (Punctate basophilia)
52
Q

due to increased red cell
population, seen with increased polychromatophilia

A

FINE STIPPLING

53
Q

due to abnormal
instability of RNA in the young cells, seen in lead
poisoning, thalassemia, megaloblastic anemia, and
severe anemia.

A

GRANULAR STIPPLING

54
Q

two forms of Basophilic Stippling

A

Fine stappling
Granular stippling

55
Q

Round refractile bodies of
denatured hemoglobin
precipitates, not visible in
Wright’s stain; pitted golf
appearance if multiple

A
  1. HEINZ BODIES
56
Q

Best stained with
SUPRAVITAL STAINS
incubation with
acetylphenylhydrazine (an
oxidant) for a long period
induces heinz body
formation

A
  1. HEINZ BODIES
57
Q

-Seen in hereditary G6PD
deficiency

A
  1. HEINZ BODIES
58
Q

small greenish-blue
inclusion bodies
 Precipitated Hb H
 Hb H dse.(α-thalassemia)

A

Hemoglobin H inclusions

59
Q

Plasmodium spp transmitted to man by Anopheles
mosquito

A

 MALARIA

60
Q

Schuffner’s stippling
four maturation stages infects the RBC-enlarged

A

P. vivax

61
Q

same but RBC not enlarged

A

P. malariae

62
Q

small delicate ring forms, gametocytes are
banana shaped

A

P. falciparum

63
Q

RBC is oval, Schuffner’s stippling present

A

P. ovale

64
Q

Babesia microti

A

BABESIOSIS

65
Q

 Rare transmission to humans by tick bites
 Resemble ring stages of malarial parasites
 Tiny rings 1-5 µm
 Tetrad formation
 RBC not enlarged

A

BABESIOSIS

66
Q
A

HEMATOLOGY 1 LEC (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions