Recreational drugs

Question 1

Where do CNS depressants work?

Answer 1

augment activity at GABAa receptor

Question 2

The rate of absorption in alcohol depends on what two factors the most?

Answer 2

Concentration of beverage and if stomach is empty of full

Question 3

What is the difference between hospital BAC vs whole blood BAC?

Answer 3

hospital BAC- based on plasma/serum

Legal BAC- based on whole blood

Question 4

Where does alcohol distribute to?

Answer 4

Total body water, small molecule that easily crosses membranes

Question 5

where is alcohol metabolized?

Answer 5

Mostly in liver, some stomach

Question 6

How is alcohol metabolized?

Answer 6

Ethanol –> Acetylaldehyde by ADH
Acetylaldehyde–> Acetate by ALDH
both reactions NAD+ as cofactor

Question 7

What causes many Asians to have an increased sensitivity to alcohol?

Answer 7

increased ADH activity, increases acetylaldehyde in blood causing flushing, increased pulse rate, dizziness, nausea

Question 8

What is the limiting factor in alcohol metabolism?

Answer 8

NAD+ supply

Question 9

alcohol MOA?

Answer 9

agonist of GABAa receptor

Question 10

Describe mild alcohol intoxication

Answer 10

loss of inhibition, altered mood, impaired cognition, incoordination, sedation

Question 11

Describe intoxication

Answer 11

Diplopia, nystagmus, dysarthria, ataxia

Question 12

What are the consequences of alcohol on NAD+ reactions in the liver.

Answer 12

Diverts NAD+ to alcohol breakdown, causes inhibition of tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidation of fat–> FATTY LIVER

Question 13

Chronic drinking does what to P450 enzymes? What is the consequence of this?

Answer 13

Induces P450, causing faster metabolism of some other drugs

Question 14

How would you treat someone with methyl alcohol or ethylene glycol poisoning?

Answer 14

Give them alcohol and bicarbonate
Alcohol is preferred substrate of ADH, thereby reduces toxic metabolites of methyl alcohol and ethylene glycol

or
Fomepizole (very expensive ADH blocker)

Question 15

MOA of amphetamines?

Answer 15

released biogenic amines (DA, NE, 5HT) from nerve terminals in CNS and PNS. (Dopamine most important)

Question 16

Describe effects of amphetamine.

Answer 16

wakefulness, alertness, decreased fatigue, elevation of mood, increased concentration

Question 17

MOA of cocaine?

Answer 17

blocks re-uptake of biogenic amines

Question 18

SE of cocaine use?

Answer 18

sympathetic effects, paranoia, aggression

Question 19

What is the chemical seen in the urine of someone on cocaine? How long is it in urine for?

Answer 19

Benzoylecgonine (2-3days)

Question 20

MOA of caffeine?

Answer 20

blocks adenosine receptor

Question 21

SE of amphetamines?

Answer 21

vasospasm leading to MI/stroke, arrhythmia, weight loss

tremor, anxiety, paranoia, confusion, irritability

Question 22

Name an opioid antagonist.

Answer 22

Nalmefene

Question 23

Name a drug used in acetaminophen overdose.

Answer 23

N-aceytlcysteine

Question 24

Name three schedule I Hallucinogens.

Answer 24

LSD, Mescaline, Psilocybin

Question 25

MOA for LSD, Mescaline, Psilocybin?

Answer 25

agonist at inhibitory 5HT-2a receptors, which decreases the inhibitory activity of the Raphe- result is disinhibition

Question 26

MOA of marijuana, anandamide, dronabinol, nabilone?

Answer 26

Targets cannabinoid receptors. (CB1, CB2)

Question 27

What are cannabinoids and synthetic THC used to treat?

Answer 27

anti N/V, appetite stimulant in cancer/ AIDS patients

Question 28

What else besides inducing appetite can cannabinoids treat?

Answer 28

Pain- analgesic

Question 29

physiological effects of cannabinioids?

Answer 29

vasodilation, increased heart rate, bronchodilation, hunger, decreased IOP

euphoria, heightened sensory awareness, sedation

Question 30

MOA of PCP

Answer 30

antagonist of ion channel associated w/ NMDA receptor, agonist of Mu opioid receptor

Question 31

SE of PCP?

Answer 31

violent behavior, coma, seizures