Recreational drugs Flashcards
Where do CNS depressants work?
augment activity at GABAa receptor
The rate of absorption in alcohol depends on what two factors the most?
Concentration of beverage and if stomach is empty of full
What is the difference between hospital BAC vs whole blood BAC?
hospital BAC- based on plasma/serum
Legal BAC- based on whole blood
Where does alcohol distribute to?
Total body water, small molecule that easily crosses membranes
where is alcohol metabolized?
Mostly in liver, some stomach
How is alcohol metabolized?
Ethanol –> Acetylaldehyde by ADH
Acetylaldehyde–> Acetate by ALDH
both reactions NAD+ as cofactor
What causes many Asians to have an increased sensitivity to alcohol?
increased ADH activity, increases acetylaldehyde in blood causing flushing, increased pulse rate, dizziness, nausea
What is the limiting factor in alcohol metabolism?
NAD+ supply
alcohol MOA?
agonist of GABAa receptor
Describe mild alcohol intoxication
loss of inhibition, altered mood, impaired cognition, incoordination, sedation
Describe intoxication
Diplopia, nystagmus, dysarthria, ataxia
What are the consequences of alcohol on NAD+ reactions in the liver.
Diverts NAD+ to alcohol breakdown, causes inhibition of tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidation of fat–> FATTY LIVER
Chronic drinking does what to P450 enzymes? What is the consequence of this?
Induces P450, causing faster metabolism of some other drugs
How would you treat someone with methyl alcohol or ethylene glycol poisoning?
Give them alcohol and bicarbonate
Alcohol is preferred substrate of ADH, thereby reduces toxic metabolites of methyl alcohol and ethylene glycol
or
Fomepizole (very expensive ADH blocker)
MOA of amphetamines?
released biogenic amines (DA, NE, 5HT) from nerve terminals in CNS and PNS. (Dopamine most important)
Describe effects of amphetamine.
wakefulness, alertness, decreased fatigue, elevation of mood, increased concentration
MOA of cocaine?
blocks re-uptake of biogenic amines
SE of cocaine use?
sympathetic effects, paranoia, aggression
What is the chemical seen in the urine of someone on cocaine? How long is it in urine for?
Benzoylecgonine (2-3days)
MOA of caffeine?
blocks adenosine receptor
SE of amphetamines?
vasospasm leading to MI/stroke, arrhythmia, weight loss
tremor, anxiety, paranoia, confusion, irritability
Name an opioid antagonist.
Nalmefene
Name a drug used in acetaminophen overdose.
N-aceytlcysteine
Name three schedule I Hallucinogens.
LSD, Mescaline, Psilocybin
MOA for LSD, Mescaline, Psilocybin?
agonist at inhibitory 5HT-2a receptors, which decreases the inhibitory activity of the Raphe- result is disinhibition
MOA of marijuana, anandamide, dronabinol, nabilone?
Targets cannabinoid receptors. (CB1, CB2)
What are cannabinoids and synthetic THC used to treat?
anti N/V, appetite stimulant in cancer/ AIDS patients
What else besides inducing appetite can cannabinoids treat?
Pain- analgesic
physiological effects of cannabinioids?
vasodilation, increased heart rate, bronchodilation, hunger, decreased IOP
euphoria, heightened sensory awareness, sedation
MOA of PCP
antagonist of ion channel associated w/ NMDA receptor, agonist of Mu opioid receptor
SE of PCP?
violent behavior, coma, seizures
