reconstructive memory - evaluation

Question 1

what evidence supports reconstructive memory ?

Answer 1

• a strength is that reconstructive memory is based on research that is more realistic than a lot of memory research - ecologically valid
• before and after Bartlett’s work, psychologists have investigated memory using artificial materials to be learned (e.g. nonsense syllables such as RIZ and KUY). these are ‘artificial’ because we rarely use our memories to deal with such things.
• this means that the social origins of memory are not represented in the artificial experiments, however, Bartlett’s findings and theory are based on results found from an experiment that was more relevant to real-life memory processes.

Question 2

what is the competing argument to Bartlett’s research ?

Answer 2

• his research did not use rigorously controlled methods and it lacked objectivity
• instructions were not standardised, so participants’ experiences of the procedure were inconsistent, making it harder to compare the results of reproductions
• this means that the evidence lacks reliability and validity ( however, more controlled studies that have been conducted since have been supportive)

Question 3

what is a weakness of the theory ?

Answer 3

• it is wrong to suggest that all memories are inaccurate or affected by schemas
• other studies have shown that memory can be very accurate. (for example in situation that are personally important or distinctive, we do remember considerable and accurate detail)
• there are examples of this in the war of the ghosts study - participants often remember the phrase ‘something black came out of his mouth’ because it was quite unusual.

Question 4

what is an application of reconstructive memory ?

Answer 4

• it can be used to explain problems with eyewitness testimony
• during an EWT, the witness might swear on oath that they saw a particular person at the crime scene, however later their is evidence that challenges this.
• the consequence is that no convictions are now based on EWT alone as it not trustworthy (very important application)