Reconstruction Civil War

Question 1

What caused SC to be the first state to secede?

Answer 1

They believed that Lincoln was hostile to slavery. The victory of Abraham Lincoln in the Election of 1860 led directly to South Carolina’s secession from the United States. Abraham Lincoln was opposed to expanding slavery beyond the South

Question 2

What were Lincoln’s positions on slavery in the South verses the expansion of slavery out West? (See his 1st Inaugural Speech)

Answer 2

Lincoln began his public career by claiming that he was “antislavery” – against slavery’s expansion, but not calling for immediate emancipation. However, the man who began as “antislavery” eventually issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed all slaves in those states that were in rebellion.

Question 3

3. How Lincoln increased the size of the military.

Answer 3

He increased the regular U.S. Army by 22,714 men and called for 42,034 more volunteers to enlist for three years.

Question 4

What was Lincoln’s stated primary aim was.

Answer 4

Preserve the union. Everything else was secondary. Especially concerned about border states. Call for 75,000 volunteers. Black volunteers rejected.

Question 5

The major political and military leaders of the Civil War.

Answer 5

Abraham Lincoln and his election.
Jefferson Davis.
Robert E. Lee.
Ulysses S. Grant.
Stonewall Jackson.
William T. Sherman.
John Bell Hood.

Question 6

What caused the draft riots in NYC?

Answer 6

Draft Riot of 1863, major four-day eruption of violence in New York City resulting from deep worker discontent with the inequities of conscription during the U.S. Civil War

Question 7

The advantages and weaknesses of the North and South

Answer 7

North’s Advantages
Larger Population
More industry
More abundant resources
Better Banking system
More ships - Navy power
Larger and more efficient railways
Abraham Lincolns dedication, intelligence, and humanity would lead the North to victory
North’s disadvantages
Bringing the Southern states back into the Union would be difficult
They would have to invade and hold the South - a large area filled with Hostile population
Southern support remained strong and they were confident.
Southern Advantages
Strong support
Fighting on familiar territory
Military leadership was superior
Large pool of Military officers
Confederate president - Jefferson Davis
South Disadvantages
Smaller population of free men
Few factories to manufacture weapons and other supplies
produced less food
Less railroad tracks
States rights - refused to give the Confederate government sufficient power

Question 8

What were Lincoln’s goals were in releasing the Emancipation Proclamation?

Answer 8

With this Proclamation he hoped to inspire all Black people, and enslaved people in the Confederacy in particular, to support the Union cause and to keep England and France from giving political recognition and military aid to the Confederacy

Question 9

Why were the Battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg considered the turning Points of the War?

Answer 9

The Battle of Gettysburg ended the Confederates’ last major invasion of the North and is viewed by some as the war’s turning point. The Confederate loss of Vicksburg was perhaps more important because it opened the way for the North to seize control of the entire Mississippi River, cutting the Confederacy in half.

Question 10

What were the results of Sherman’s March to the Sea?

Answer 10

Sherman’s March to the Sea spanned some 285 miles (459 km) over 37 days. His armies sustained more than 1,300 casualties, with the Confederacy suffering roughly 2,300. Between 17,000 and 25,000 enslaved Black people were freed while on the march

Question 11

North/Union/Republican Party and South/Confederacy/Democrat Party

Answer 11

Southerners thought that the Constitution gave them the power as a state to declare any national federal law illegal. They thought that states’ rights were greater than federal rights. But the Northerners believed that the national government’s power superceded the states
The Constitutional Union Party campaigned on a simple platform “to recognize no political principle other than the Constitution of the country, the Union of the states, and the Enforcement of the Laws”. Southern democrats They wished to protect the ability of states to maintain racial segregation.

Question 12

Secession

Answer 12

the act of becoming independent and no longer part of a country, area, organization, etc

Question 13

Slavery, States’ Rights and the Tariff

Answer 13

Slavery is a condition in which one human being was owned by another. The Southern states wanted to assert their authority over the federal government so they could abolish federal laws they didn’t support, especially laws interfering with the South’s right to keep slaves and take them wherever they wished. A tariff is a tax imposed by the government of a country or by a supranational union on imports or exports of goods. The tariffs helped keep the federal government solvent and allowed it to pay for a costly war

Question 14

Fort Sumter

Answer 14

The siege at Fort Sumter was the first major act of aggression by the Confederate States of America against the Union and would be known as the start of the Civil War. The Battle of Fort Sumter, South Carolina, resulting in a single casualty, signaled the start of the Civil War, the bloodiest conflict in American history. On April 12, 1861, forces from the Confederate States of America attacked the United States military garrison at Fort Sumter, South Carolina.

Question 15

Anaconda Plan

Answer 15

a naval blockade of the Confederate littoral, an attack down the Mississippi river, and constricting the South by Union land and naval forces.

Question 16

The major battles (1st Bull Run,

Answer 16

The first Battle of Bull Run (also called the first Battle of Manassas) was the first major land battle of the Civil War.General Irvin McDonnell marched from Washington, D.C., to seize the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. Approximately 42 kilometers (25 miles) into the march, his path was blocked by the Confederate Army under the command of General P.G.T. Beauregard.

Question 17

Peninsula campaign

Answer 17

The Peninsula Campaign had two primary outcomes. The first was that Lee replaced Johnston as Army of Northern Virginia commander. Confederate fortunes in the East changed dramatically, with Lee winning several battles and even in defeat keeping his army intact for almost three years.

Question 18

Battle of Antietam

Answer 18

September 17, 1862), in the American Civil War (1861–65), a decisive engagement that halted the Confederate invasion of Maryland, an advance that was regarded as one of the greatest Confederate threats to Washington, D.C. The Union name for the battle is derived from Antietam Creek, which flows south from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, to the Potomac River near Harpers Ferry, West Virginia

Question 19

Battle of Gettysburg

Answer 19

The Battle of Gettysburg was fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War. The battle involved the largest number of casualties of the entire war and is often described as the war’s turning point.

Question 20

Battle of Vicksburg

Answer 20

Siege of Vicksburg. In the 1860s, Vicksburg, Mississippi, was strategically located along the Mississippi River ). If the Union took the city, they would control the river, and Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas would be separated from the rest of the Confederacy.

Question 21

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 21

President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared “that all persons held as slaves” within the rebellious states “are, and henceforward shall be free.”

Question 22

The border states

Answer 22

In the context of the American Civil War (1861–65), the border states were slave states that did not secede from the Union. They were Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri, and after 1863, the new state of West Virginia.

Question 23

Scorched Earth Policy

Answer 23

Sherman’s forces followed a “scorched earth” policy, destroying military targets as well as industry, infrastructure, and civilian property, disrupting the Confederacy’s economy and transportation networks. The operation debilitated the Confederacy and helped lead to its eventual surrender.

Question 24

John Wilkes Booth

Answer 24

John Wilkes Booth (May 10, 1838 – April 26, 1865) was an American stage actor who assassinated United States President Abraham Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre

Question 25

1. How Lincoln’s emphasis shifts from saving the union to freeing the slaves.

Answer 25

By freeing slaves in the Confederacy, Lincoln was actually freeing people he did not directly control. The way he explained the Proclamation made it acceptable to much of the Union army. He emphasized emancipation as a way to shorten the war by taking Southern resources and hence reducing Confederate strength.

Question 26

The contrast between the Presidential Plans of Reconstruction vs. the Congressional Plan (i.e., Wade-Davis Bill).

Answer 26

The efforts of Reconstruction - restoring the Confederate states into the United States after the American Civil War - were led by the Executive Branch (specifically Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson), using administrative powers to establish the process of bringing the rebellious states back into the Union. Wade Davis bill. to guarantee freedmen equal protection before the law.

Question 27

The Freedmen’s Bureau and what its long-term contribution was.

Answer 27

the Civil War neared its end, Congress established the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands — better known as the Freedmen’s Bureau — inside the War Department.

The Freedmen’s Bureau provided assistance to tens of thousands of formerly enslaved people and impoverished whites in the Southern States and the District of Columbia in the years following the war.

Question 28

How Union soldiers were used after the Civil War in the South

Answer 28

Returning to their previous lives, whether on the farm or in the city, was the only option for most of the men. As with many veterans today, special groups were formed. This allowed the Civil War Veterans to talk to other men who had shared similar experiences and gone through a time that was truly inexplicable to those around them.

Question 29

The contentious relationship between Andrew Johnson and the Radical Republicans.

Answer 29

It’s safe to say that President Johnson and the Radical Republicans in Congress didn’t see eye to eye. When the Military Reconstruction Plan was about to be implemented, Johnson threatened to fire his Secretary of War to control them. Meanwhile, congress was trying to control Johnson with actions like the Tenure of Office Act. Though the congress was not completely radical, this tension caused many ups and downs in the progress of African American rights during reconstruction, showing that the country was not able to effectively reconcile and reunite under his presidency.

Question 31

How Secretary of War Edwin Stanton’s firing resulted in Johnson’s impeachment.

Answer 31

President Johnson was impeached because he fired an official who was protected under the Tenure of office Act and because the house felt he had brought the office of president into disgrace. He was spared removal from office by one vote. The Tenure of Office Act was a United States federal law, in force from 1867 to 1887, that was intended to restrict the power of the president to remove certain office-holders without the approval of the U.S. Senate(Congress)

Question 32

The motivations of the Radical Republicans in giving the vote to the Freedmen.

Answer 32

The Radicals were more concerned about national control, especially control of the South, and they used the freedmen as a means of achieving this goal.

Question 33

The Black Codes related to voting rights: Poll taxes, literacy tests, and Grandfather clauses

Answer 33

One of the many discriminatory methods was the poll tax, which required voters to pay a fee in order to enter the polling places to cast their ballots. Due to the disproportionate levels of poverty among African Americans in the Southern states, many of them – as well as poor Whites – were excluded from voting. As adopted by a number of southern states, the literacy test was used to disfranchise literate southern Blacks while allowing illiterate southern whites to vote.

Question 34

The reaction to the military districts in the South from both the ex-slaves and white Democrats.

Answer 34

From the outset, Reconstruction governments aroused bitter opposition among the majority of white Southerners. Though they disagreed on specific policies, all of Reconstruction’s Meanwhile, the Reconstruction acts gave former male slaves the right to vote and hold public office. opponents agreed that the South must be ruled by white supremacy.

Question 34

Grandfather clause

Answer 34

The infamous “grandfather clause,” which restricted voting rights to men who were allowed to vote, or whose male ancestors were allowed to vote, before 1867 was also a popular method of disenfranchising African American men - because they were not allowed to vote before the 15th Amendment was ratified, the grandfather clause denied them their voting rights.

Question 35

The details of the Supreme Court decision: Plessy v. Ferguson.

Answer 35

Ferguson ruled that separate-but-equal facilities were constitutional. The Plessy v. Ferguson decision upheld the principle of racial segregation over the next half-century. The ruling provided legal justification for segregation on trains and buses, and in public facilities such as hotels, theaters, and schools.

Question 36

13th, 14th, & 15th Amendments

Answer 36

Ratified in 1865, the 13th Amendment abolished slavery in the United States. The 13th Amendment forever abolished slavery as an institution in all U.S. states and territories. In addition to banning slavery, the amendment outlawed the practice of involuntary servitude and peonage.

Question 37

14th amendment

Answer 37

Passed by the Senate on June 8, 1866, and ratified two years later, on July 9, 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to all persons “born or naturalized in the United States,” including formerly enslaved people, and provided all citizens with “equal protection under the laws,”

Question 38

15th amendment

Answer 38

Passed by Congress February 26, 1869, and ratified February 3, 1870, the 15th Amendment granted African American men the right to vote.

Question 39

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 39

The Freedmen’s Bureau provided assistance to tens of thousands of formerly enslaved people and impoverished whites in the Southern States and the District of Columbia in the years following the war. It helped freedpeople establish schools, purchase land, locate family members, and legalize marriages

Question 40

Impeachment

Answer 40

As adopted by the framers of the Constitution, this congressional power is a fundamental component of the system of “checks and balances.” Through the impeachment process, Congress charges and then tries an official of the federal government for “Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.”

Question 41

Radical Republicans

Answer 41

They were led by Thaddeus Stevens in the House of Representatives and Charles Sumner in the Senate. The Radicals were known for their opposition to slavery, their efforts to ensure emancipation and civil rights for Blacks, and their strong opinions on post-war Reconstruction.

Question 42

Carpetbagger/Scalawag

Answer 42

Carpetbaggers northerners who moved into the south after the war motivated by economic opportunity or to to make profit and gain control of land. Brought suitcases made of carpet. Scalawags were southerners who remained loyal to the union throughout the civil war. Most scalawgs held racist values and didn’t think AA’s should be given any political control. They only did it for power and wealth.

Question 43

Jim Crow Laws/segregation

Answer 43

The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws Jim Crow was not enacted as a universal, written law of the land. Instead, a patchwork of state and local laws, codes, and agreements enforced segregation to different degrees and in different ways across the nation. introduced in the Southern United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that enforced racial segregation. the separation or isolation of a race, class, or ethnic group by enforced or voluntary residence in a restricted area, by barriers to social intercourse, by separate educational facilities, or by other discriminatory means.

Question 44

Sharecropping/debt peonage

Answer 44

Peonage, also called debt slavery or debt servitude, is a system where an employer compels a worker to pay off a debt with work. a system where the landlord/planter allows a tenant to use the land in exchange for a share of the crop.

Question 45

Exodusters

Answer 45

The large-scale black migration from the South to Kansas came to be known as the “Great Exodus,” and those participating in it were called “exodusters.” The post-Civil War era should have been a time of jubilation and progress for the African-Americans of the South.

Question 46

. The Compromise of 1877

Answer 46

The Compromise of 1877 gave Rutherford B. Hayes the presidency in exchange for the end of Reconstruction in the South and withdrawing of federal troops from south.

Question 47

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 47

Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537, was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision ruling that racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. Constitution as long as the facilities for each race were equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as “separate but equal”.