Reconstruction Flashcards
Lincoln’s Reconstruction (1863 - 1865)
10% plan
It takes ten percent of the population in the southern states to agree to the terms of the proclamation in order to come back to the union
Lincoln’s Reconstruction (1863 - 1865)
2nd Inaugural Address
Wants to heal the nations wound
Lincoln’s Reconstruction (1863 - 1865)
Wade-Davis Bill
Takes 10 percent, takes it to 50% take an oathe, abolish slavery in the bill of rights. Money lost wasn’t recouped by the government. Pocket vetoed
Lincoln’s Reconstruction (1863 - 1865)
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery, 1865, Womens Loyal National League, Susan B anthony, break in the relationship between womens rights and slaves rights
Lincoln’s Reconstruction (1863 - 1865)
Freedmen’s Beureau
Provide clothing and food for slaves. General oliver o haward. Planters resented the pressence of the Freedmens beureau. ANdrew Johnson hated it. Want to continue the productoin of cotton.
Looking for community
Legalize marriage. AME- african methodist episcapal, and black baptist church. American missionary society help build schools in the south and hire black teachers. Join in purchasing land for the slaves since southerners didn’t want to sell to free slaves. African american preachers and teachers. Former black soldiers. Very segmented, heritage, money, education, skin color
Lincoln’s Reconstruction (1863 - 1865)
“40 Acres and a Mule” and it’s failure
Thought slaves would be compensated, never received
Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction (1865 - 1866)
Conditions for Re-Admission
Dissenfranchises the confederates over 20000 dollars. State conventions, must ratifie the 13 amendments. Many rejoin and elect many confederate leaders back into congress.
Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction (1865 - 1866)
Southern Response - Re-Elect?
Want to go back to anti-bellum. Elect former confederate leaders
Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction (1865 - 1866)
Southern response - Black Codes
Restablish, relimiting what the free men can do, keeping them into slavery, called servants, couldn’t own a shop, put them into farming again. labor contracts. Allows legal segregation of the states. Like baseball, books, etc.
Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction (1865 - 1866)
Congress clashes with Johnson - Civil Rights bill of 1866
Give freemen civil rights to attack the black codes. Johnson vetoed it. need something stronger. Create the 14th amendment. Rejected by most southern states. Give them civil rights and citizenship. Doesn’t give them vote. Former confederate leaders can’t be voted back in.
Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction (1865 - 1866)
Congress clashes with Johnson - Johnson and the Freedmen’s Bureau
Republicans control government. Restored south would be more powerful than previously. now because 3/5 agreement is gone, there are now more representatives in those states voting.
Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction (1865 - 1866)
Election of 1866
would determine the future government. Johnson travels around to get support for democrats, but backfires. Republicans win 2/3. Republican party is veto proof.
Congressional / Radical Reconstruction (1867 - 1877)
Reconstruction act of 1867
Charles Sumner (beaten senseless by Brookes), and Thaddeus stevens. Created after violent race riots. Divides south into 5 military places. Temperarily disenfranchises former confederate votes. Buts accept th 14th amendment. Incorperate black male suffrage into the state constitutions. Help the Republicans with new votes.
Congressional / Radical Reconstruction (1867 - 1877)
15th amendment
Radicals push for 15th amendment. Gives black males the right to vote. Makes sure black suffrage isn’t being ignored. National women suffrage association, women also want the right, women should be included. Fredrick Douglass says nah. Causes a rift between abolitionists and women abolitionists.
Congressional / Radical Reconstruction (1867 - 1877)
Impeachment of Johnson- Tenure of Office act 1867
Trap andrew johnson. Need senator approval to fire someody on the cabinet. He still fires somebody, and he violated the way on the cabinet. Johnson decides to play nice. If he was convicted, it would destroy checks and balance if they could just remove somebody,
Congressional / Radical Reconstruction (1867 - 1877)
Filure of impeachement and agreement with congress
he agrees to play nice and go along with what congress wants.
Congressional / Radical Reconstruction (1867 - 1877)
Conditions for re-admission
Free black males, organized by the union league, helped educate freemen on thesee civic issues. Get local political leaders. African americans can vote now. 14 and two senators. Gets rid of the rights of confederates.
Congressional / Radical Reconstruction (1867 - 1877)
Southern Republican governemnts - Carpet Baggers
northern immigratns moving to the south, make it like the north, carpet baggers
Congressional / Radical Reconstruction (1867 - 1877)
Southern Republican governemnts - Scalawags
Longstreet, former confederates, their future lies with the success of the republican party. take over southern politics
Congressional / Radical Reconstruction (1867 - 1877)
Southern republican governments- Opportunities for African Americans
They now had the opportunity of voting, owning business, get married (not interracial). Able to surmount wealth.
Congressional / Radical Reconstruction (1867 - 1877)
Southern Republican Governments - Criticism of GOP Governments
They ruled by disenfranchising the whites. corruption, using influence to cheat the system. Personal gain.
Congressional / Radical Reconstruction (1867 - 1877)
White Southern Response to GOP Rule - Intimidation
Ku Klux Klan. Southern whites. Nathon bedford. Intimidate black men from running for office or voting.
Congressional / Radical Reconstruction (1867 - 1877) White Southern Response to GOP Rule - Grant’s Force Acts 1870 and 1871
Against the southern Ku Klux Klan. too supress clan.
Congressional / Radical Reconstruction (1867 - 1877) Southern Response to GOP Rule- Civil rights act of 1875
Civil rights act of 1875, prohibited racial descrimination. Private descrimination can happen, but not when it is federal.
Redemption
Election of 1876
Hayse and Tilden tie
Redemption
Compromise of 1877
Democrats will be ok with hays taking the presidency, as long as the military is evacuated from the 5 districts in the south.
Redemption
Northern indifference to reconstruction
Does little to stop reconsturction. Theres too much corruption, and the only way they can control the south is by doing what thye did. There was an economic depression in the north , so preocuppied. 113, 14, 15, amendment and civil rights, rights bill, all they canddo to protect the rights of free men. There’s intense racism.
Redemption
White suppression of african american voters
Grandfather laws, literacy tests. lynching and intimidation. White southerners getting their vote
Redemption
Share Cropping (Crop Lien System)
Crop lien system allowed farmers to obtain supplies, like food and seed, on credit from merchants. Debt was to be repaid after the crops were harvested and brought to the market. Share cropping- many African Americans have to go back to plantations. Tie freemen into the land and force them into cotton production. They would pay rent with the portion of cotton produced. Have to rent the tools and the land. Perpetually in debt to the land owner.
Redemption
Jim Crow Laws
Southerners are gaining their vote back after being disenfranchised and begins using literacy laws, pole taxes (taxed for voting), grandfather clause, hurts the free African Americans. Uses intimidation. Jim crow is a character who performs in black face. Official segregation laws within the states.
Redemption
Plessy V. Ferguson 1896
Plessy was a first class African American with a first class ticket, but was moved to the African American train. Decided it made segregation legal. “Separate but equal”.
Redemption
“The Long Night”
From 1860’s all the way to the civil rights movement, they are considered unequal and second class citizens.
