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MCBM Exam 5 > Recombinant DNA > Flashcards

Recombinant DNA Flashcards

1
Q

What is a clone?

A

An exact genetic copy

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2
Q

What is recombinant DNA?

A

The joining of a DNA sequence to DNA originating from another source

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3
Q

What is the basis for most recombinant DNA techniques?

A

Complementary base pairing

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4
Q

What tools are needed for cloning?

A

Source of DNA
Vector
Several bacterial enzymes and processes
Selection methods

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5
Q

What vectors can be used to create recombinant DNA?

A

Plasmid
Phage
Cosmid
YAC

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6
Q

Forensic analysis uses what type of information?

A

Simple repeats (microsatellites)

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7
Q

What is cDNA synthesis?

A

Using a retroviral enzyme to make DNA copies of mRNA

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8
Q

What retroviral enzyme is used in cDNA synthesis?

A

Reverse transcriptase

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9
Q

What is the process of cDNA synthesis?

A

Beginning with an mRNA, a polyT complement the the polyA tail is formed to be a primer for reverse transcriptase
The DNA copy is then made from RNA

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10
Q

What is the easiest vector to use for cloning?

A

Plasmids

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11
Q

What limits the usefulness of plasmids for cloning?

A

Limited in how much information can be inserted

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12
Q

Which of the 4 vector types is rarely used in cloning?

A

Cosmids

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13
Q

What is the important plasmid to remember?

A

pBR322

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14
Q

What are the resistance sites found on the pBR322 plasmid?

A 
Ampicillin resistance (ampr)
Tetracycline resistance (tetr)
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15
Q

What is the cutting site for the ampr portion of pBR322?

A

Pstl

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16
Q

What are the cutting sites for the tatr portion of pBR322?

A

BamHI

SalI

17
Q

What are the two cycles that a bacteriophage can undergo?

A

Lytic cycle

Lysogenic cycle

18
Q

The lysogenic cycle results in what?

A

Production of dormant bacteriophage

19
Q

What are type II restriction endonucleases?

A

Bacterial defense mechanism

20
Q

What do type II restriction endonucleases recognize?

A

4-8 base pair palindromes

21
Q

Type II restriction endonucleases may produce what?

A

Sticky ends

22
Q

What is used to fragment plasmid and human DNA so that they have sticky ends?

A

Restriction enzyme

23
Q

If a phage in a soft agar lyses the cells around it, what does it cause?

A

Plaques

24
Q

Probes are used in what reactions?

A

Hybridization reactions

25
Q

Gene therapy has been used to treat what ocular condition?

A

Choroideremia - to prevent blindness

26
Q

What does a pluripotent cell come from?

A

Blastocyst

27
Q

What can a pluripotent cell form?

A

Cell types from all 3 germ layers

28
Q

Where does a multipotent cell come from?

A

An adult

29
Q

What can a multipotent cell form?

A

Closely related cell types

30
Q

What is ARMS PCR used for?

A

To detect point mutations using allele-specific primers

MCBM Exam 5 (11 decks)

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