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MCBM Exam 5 > Embryology Stuff > Flashcards

Embryology Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

What are the developmental stages seen in weeks 1-2?

A

Zygote
Morula
Blastula
Bilaminar disc

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2
Q

What are the developmental stages seen in weeks 3-8?

A

Gastrualtion
Folding
Organogenesis

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3
Q

When does gestational age begin?

A

From 1st day of last normal menstrual period

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4
Q

When does embryonic age begin?

A

At fertilization

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5
Q

What are the two cell layers in the week of w 2’s?

A

Cytotrophoblast

Syncytiotrophoblast

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6
Q

Which cell layer produced HCG?

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

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7
Q

The syncytiotrophoblast is lacking what?

A

A cell boundary

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8
Q

What is the 1st sign of gastrulation?

A

Primitive streak

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9
Q

Where does the primitive streak form?

A

On the caudal end in the former epiblast

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10
Q

The cells of the primitive streak migrate and give rise to what?

A

Mesoderm

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11
Q

The primitive node is the originiation of the cells that will migrate toward the cranium and form what?

A

The notochord

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12
Q

From what does the nerual plate form?

A

Ectoderm

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13
Q

What does ectoderm give rise to?

A

Epidermis
Central and peripheral NS
Eyes
Internal ears

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14
Q

What does endoderm give rise to?

A

Epithelial linings of respirator and digestive tracts
Glands
Liver
Pancreas

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15
Q

What does mesoderm give rise to?

A

Muscles
Blood cells/lining of vessels
Smooth muscle
Serosa

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16
Q

As the notochord forms, the embryo lengthens which direction?

A

Caudal/cranially

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17
Q

Notochord instructs formation of what?

A

Neural plate

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18
Q

What are the landmarks on the neural plate?

A

Folds and grooves

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19
Q

The neural plate folds at the midline to form what?

A

Neural tube

20
Q

Where do neural crest cells come from?

A

Cells from edge of fusing neural tube migrate and become neural crest cells

21
Q

What do neural crest cells give rise to?

A 
CT of head & neck
Bones & muscles of head and neck
Entire PNS
Melanocytes
Plays role in ectomesenchyme in tooth formation
22
Q

Neural tube becomes what?

A

Brain and spinal cord

23
Q

At what age does the “Japanese-American greeting” take place?

A

4th to 8th week

24
Q

When does organogenesis begin?

A

4th to 8th week

25
Q

What migrates above the prechordal plate to form the heart?

A

Mesoderm and neural crest cells

26
Q

Somites are instructed by notochord to form what?

A

Mesoderm on dorsal aspect that will become muscle and bone

27
Q

What contributes to the formation of the pharyngeal arches?

A

Neural crest

28
Q

Where are rhombomeres found?

A

Transient structures in hindbrain area of neurotube

29
Q

What is the main contributor toe the pharyngeal arches?

A

Neural crest cells

30
Q

What forms mesenchymal cells and microglia?

A

Comes from bone marrow

31
Q

What never is associated with the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A

CN V

32
Q

What muscles are associated with the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A

Muscles of mastication
Mylohyoid
Anterior belly of digastric

33
Q

What are the associated areas of the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A

Mandible and maxilla tissue

Meckles cartilage

34
Q

What does Meckle’s cartilage form?

A

Bones of ear

Some ligaments

35
Q

What do the grooves of the 1st pharyngeal arch form?

A

External auditory meatus

36
Q

What does the pouch of the 1st pharyngeal arch form?

A

Tympanic membrane
Tympanic cavity
Mastoid antrum
Eustachian tube

37
Q

What is the nerve associated with the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A

CN VII

38
Q

What muscles are associated with the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A

Muscles of facial expression
Stapedius
Stylohyoid

39
Q

What are the associated areas of the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A

Reichert’s cartilage (styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, lateral horne of hyoid

40
Q

What do the grooves of the 2nd pharyngeal arch form?

A

Nothing!

41
Q

What do the pouches of the 2nd pharyngeal arch form?

A

Contribute to tonsils

42
Q

What forms the anterior tongue?

A

Lateral and midline swellings (1st pharyngeal arch)

43
Q

Where do the muscles of the tongue come from?

A

Occipital myotomes - use CN XII

44
Q

What gives rise to the maxillary process and palatal shelves?

A

Frontonasal prominence and mandibular arch

45
Q

What does meckel’s cartilage do in the mandible?

A

Nothing!

46
Q

Palatal shelves come up vertically from what>

A

Maxillary prominence

MCBM Exam 5 (11 decks)

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