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MCBM Exam 5 > Cell Cycle Regulation > Flashcards

Cell Cycle Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

Uncontrolled cell division results in what?

A

Cancer

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2
Q

What thing control cell division?

A

CDKs

Cyclins

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3
Q

What does CDK stand for?

A

Cyclin dependent kinase

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4
Q

What are cyclins?

A

Kinase regulatory proteins

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5
Q

How is the cell cycle initiated?

A

In response to external signals. Without signals, they enter a prolonged G1

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6
Q

Myc is a(n) ___.

A

Oncogene

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7
Q

What activates Cyclin D?

A

NFkB

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8
Q

What cyclins are active during G1-Cdk?

A

Cyclins:
D1
D2
D3

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9
Q

What cyclin is active during G1S-Cdk?

A

Cyclin E

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10
Q

What cyclin is active during S-Ckd?

A

Cyclin A

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11
Q

What cyclin is active during M-Cdk?

A

Cyclin B

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12
Q

What else can push cells into the cell cycle?

A

Inflammation

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13
Q

What 2 things can activate cyclin D?

A

Growth factors

Inflammation

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14
Q

What breaks down cyclins?

A

Ubiquitin

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15
Q

What is the most important checkpoint of the cell cycle?

A

G1-S

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16
Q

What proteins are at work in the G1-S checkpoint?

A

P53

Retinoblastoma proteins

17
Q

In what 4 ways are Cdk/Cyclins regulated?

A

Cyclic proteolysis
Transcriptional regulation
Inhibitor proteins (CKIs)
Covalent modification (phosphorylation/dephosphorylation)

18
Q

What is P21?

A

Cdk inhibitor

19
Q

What are the 5 critical DNA damage checkpoints?

A 
G1/S
Mid S
G2/M
M
Post-M
20
Q

What occurs at the G1/S checkpoint?

A

DNA damage assessment

21
Q

What occurs at the Mid S checkpoint?

A

DNA replication checkpoint I

22
Q

What occurs at the G2/M checkpoint?

A

DNA replication checkpoint II

23
Q

What occurs at the M checkpoint?

A

Spindle assembly checkpoint

24
Q

What occurs at the Post-M checkpoint?

A

Polyploidy checkpoint

25
Q

What may occur if the Mid S checkpoint doesn’t function?

A

Telomere dysfunction
Rearrangements
Amplifications

26
Q

What do tumor suppressors do?

A

Monitor for irreparable damage to DNA

Send cells into apoptosis

27
Q

What are the 2 big tumor suppressors?

A

p53
pRb
(they are transcription regulators)

28
Q

What does p53 do?

A

Halts the cell cycle to allow time for repair

Regulates transcription of p21 and GADD45

29
Q

What does M-cdk target?

A

Condensins

Laminin

30
Q

What are condensins involved in?

A

Chromosome condensation

31
Q

What is laminin involved in?

A

Phosphorylation of laminin causes it to depolymerize and the nuclear envelope breaks down

32
Q

What are the 2 mitotic proteins?

33
Q

What doe APC work on?

A

Securin
Separase
Cohesins

34
Q

What is securin?

A

A separase inhibitor - initiates anaphase

35
Q

What is/what does separase do?

A

A protease

Targets cohesin so that sister chromatids separate

36
Q

What does cohesin do?

A

Holds sister chromatids together

MCBM Exam 5 (11 decks)

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