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Powerplant > Reciprocating Engines > Flashcards

Reciprocating Engines Flashcards

1
Q

How are reciprocating engines classified?

A

•Cylinder arrangement and number
•Cooling method
•Number of strokes per cycle

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2
Q

What are the 4 most common cylinder arrangements?

A

•In-line
•V-Type
•Radial
•Opposed

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3
Q

With a rotary radial engine, the ______ is mounted directly to the airframe with propeller mounted to the crankcase and cylinders spinning around.

A

Crankshaft

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4
Q

Radial engines are well cooled but have poor _____ ______ and bad ____ ____.

A

Poor engine control
Bad torque rolling

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5
Q

What are the 2 types of cooling classifications?

A

Air & Liquid

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6
Q

2-stroke engines have a power pulse every _____ degrees of crankshaft rotation.

A

360

*not as fuel efficient

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7
Q

4 stroke engines have a power pulse every _____ degrees of crankshaft rotation.

A

720

*more fuel efficient but less powerful

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8
Q

What are the identification letter prefixes for:
O -
G -
S -
T -
I -
A -
H -
V -
L -
L -
R -

A

Opposed
Geared
Supercharged
Turbocharged
I = Fuel Injected
Horizontal
Vertical
L = Left rotation
L = Liquid Cooled
Radial

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9
Q

Maintenance must be done in accordance with the ______

A

Manufactures Maintenance

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10
Q

What is the color coding for Chrome cylinders?

A

Orange

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11
Q

What is the color coding for nitrided cylinders?

A

Blue

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12
Q

What is the cylinder barrel skirt?

A

Extends beyond the flange into the crankcase

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13
Q

What does the skirt do?

A

Prevents oil from running into the cylinder

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14
Q

What is housed in the cylinder head?

A

The intake and exhaust valves, valve guides, valve seats and rocker arms as well as the spark plug holes

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15
Q

What are intake valves ground at?

A

ground at 30 degrees

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16
Q

What are exhaust valves on high powered engines filled with?

A

Metallic Sodium

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17
Q

What are exhaust valves normally ground at?

A

Ground at 45 degree angle

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18
Q

What are 5 types of Pistons?

A

Flat
Recessed
Concave
Dome
Truncated Cone

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19
Q

Why do piston rings have gaps at the ends?

A

To allow for expansion at operating temperatures

20
Q

What is a valve lifter?

A

Also called a Tappet
Transmits force from camshaft to the push rod

21
Q

2 types of valve lifters:

A

Hydraulic or Solid

22
Q

What do push rods do?

A

Transmits force from lifter to rocker arm

23
Q

What do rocker arms do?

A

Transmits force from pushrod to valve

24
Q

What is found in the accessory section?

A

Mounting Pads
Pumps
Starter
Generator
Magnetos

25
Q

What are bearings?

A

A cylindrical surface that supports another surface for freedom of rotation along an axis

26
Q

what are 3 styles of bearings?

A

Plain
Roller
Ball

27
Q

What is the most common bearing?

A

Plain

28
Q

What are 4 parts of the crankshaft?

A

Main Journal
Crankpin
Crank cheek or arm
Counterweights

29
Q

What are 3 reasons crankpins are hollow?

A

Reduces weight
Passage for oil
Sludge chamber

30
Q

What is the purpose of counterweights?

A

Provide static balance

31
Q

What is the main purpose of a dynamic damper?

A

To relieve whip and vibration

32
Q

What do connecting rods do?

A

Connect the piston and crank throw
(H or I beam shape)

33
Q

What is Charle’s law?

A

The pressure of a confined gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature

34
Q

During each stroke, the crankshaft travels ____ degrees

A

180
1 full revolution is 360 degrees

35
Q

What are the 4 strokes?

A

Intake
Compression
Power
Exhaust

36
Q

What’re the 5 events?

A

Intake
Compression
Ignition
Power
Exhaust

37
Q

3 types of horsepower:

A

Indicated
Brake
Friction

38
Q

When calculating Indicated Horsepower, What does PLANK mean?

A

• P= indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP)
• L= length of stroke in feet
• A = area of the piston head in sq Inches
• N = number of power strokes per min, per cylinder
• K = number of cylinders

39
Q

What is brake horsepower?

A

The actual amount of power delivered to the propeller shaft
(85-90% of indicated HP)

40
Q

What is friction horsepower?

A

Horsepower used by the engine to overcome the friction of moving parts
(10-15% of indicated HP)

41
Q

What is detonation?

A

Uncontrolled, explosive combustion
-High cylinder temps
-Rough-running engine
-Power loss
-Damages, destroys engines

42
Q

What is preignition?

A

Combustion starts too early
Ignition before spark

43
Q

Preignition and detonation can cause what?

A

Engine roughness
High operating temps

44
Q

Does the intake or exhaust side of the cylinder have more cooling fins?

A

Exhaust

45
Q

What is it called when the intake valve opens early during the exhaust cycle and the escaping fumes ignite with the fuel?

A

Backfiring

46
Q

One Kilowatt is equal to how many watts?

A

1000 watts

Powerplant (18 decks)

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