Recent Advancements in Bone Grafting & Dental Implantology Flashcards
What are the congenital causes of bone loss
- congenital
- traumatic
- infection
- natural
What are congenital causes of bone loss
o Some people are born without sufficient bone in certain areas of the jaw
o Cleft lip/palate where part of the alveolar bone is missing
o Hypodontia resulting in less bone where there is missing teeth
What are the types of bone graft
autogenous
xenograft
allograft
alloplastic
bone bioengineering
What is autogenous bone graft
grafted from the same patient
Where can bone grafts be taken from
o Intra-oral (chin, ramus tuberosity, coronoid process
o Extra oral (hip and calvarium)
What are xenografts
harvested from different species, most common type is bovine
What is an allograft
from same species (cadavers), irradiated sterilized freeze dried bone blocks
What are alloplastic grafts
synthetic, natural sources and synthetic materials
What are bioengineering bone grafts
growth factors, bone morphogenic protein (BMP)
What are the principles of grafting
- osteoconduction
- osteoinduction
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What is osteoconduction
the concept of scaffold that supports the bone forming cells
Piece of bone replaced and it acts as a scaffold only
What is osteoinduction
Osteogenesis is induced through recruitment of immature cells (UMC) for bone formation
Material has ability to stimulate bone formation through inducing undifferentiated cells to change to osteoblasts to form bone
Is osteoconduction better or osteoinduction
Osteoinduction is better as it triggers the body’s own mesenchymal cells
Osteoconduction has a higher risk of infection
What are the different ways to apply grafts
onlay
interpositional
sinus lift
What are the different ridge augmentation procedures
- graft application
- IAN retraction
- distraction osteogenesis
- zygomatic implants
