Fractures of the Mandible Flashcards
What is the cause of mandibular fractures
- Trauma is the main cause for mandibular fracture
- Trauma can result in temporary loss of consciousness
- ABC should be considered in all trauma causes
What are signs/symptoms of mandibular fracture
- pain/swelling/limitation of function
- occlusal derangement
- numbness of lower lip
- loose or mobile teeth
- bleeding
- anterior open bite
- facial asymmetry
- deviation of the mandible to the opposite side
What are signs of occlusal derangement
o Premature biting
o Quality of interdigitation
o Cant bite properly
What is a characteristic sign of mandibular fracture
anterior open bite
How does mandibular fracture result in AOB
o Mandible fracture pushing segment when ramus is shortened
o Posterior teeth meet prematurely
o Fracture of ramus that can cause shortening of the height of the ramus - bilateral sub condylar fracture
How are mandibular fractures classified
- involvement of surrounding tissue
- number of fractures
- side of fracture
- site of fracture
- direciton of fracture
- specific fractures
- displacement of fracture
What is the involvement of the surrounding tissue classified into
simple
compound
communited
What is a simple fracture
fracture in bone and surrounding tissue intact
What is a compound fracture
fracture exposed to outside environment so surrounding soft tissue lost or jeopardised
What is a comminuted fracture
bone broken in at least two places
What can the number of fractures be classified into
- Single
- Double
- Multiple
What can side of fracture be classified into
- Unilateral
- Bilateral
What can site of fracture by classified into
- Angle
- Subcondylar (below condylar region)
- Parasymphyseal (centre)
- Body
- Ramus
- Coronoid
- Alveolar process
What can direction of fracture lines be classified into
- Favourable –> direction of fracture minimises displacement
- Unfavourable –> direction of fracture line encourages displacement of the fracture
What can specific fractures be classified into
- greenstick fractures
- pathological fractures