Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BDS4 Oral Surgery > Diseases of the pulp > Flashcards

Diseases of the pulp Flashcards

1
Q

Draw out the connection between the diseases of the pulp

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is caries

A
  • demineralisation of the tooth due to acid attack created by bacteria in the mouth as they metabolise sugars
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can caries result in

A

pulp hyperaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is pulp hyperaemia

A
  • increase of blood supply in the pulp chamber
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the outcomes of pulp hyperaemia

A
  • recovery
  • acute pulpitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is acute pulpitis

A

sudden onset of pulpal inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 2 outcomes of acute pulpitis

A
  • chronic pulpitis (can go back and forth between these two states)
  • acute apical periodontitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is acute apical periodontitis

A
  • The infection can spread outside of the pulp chamber where it then becomes acute apical periodontitis and this will be accompanied by a change in symptoms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the outcomes of acute apical periodontitis if untreated

A
  • acute apical abscess

or

  • jump straight to chronic apical infection (granuloma)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an acute apical abscess

A

a collection of pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the outcomes of acute apical abscess if untreated

A
  • can go back and forth of being a chronic sinus
  • can go back and forth of being a chronic apical infection (granuloma)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can a chronic sinus turn into if untreated

A
  • can go back to being and forth with being an acute apical abscess
  • can go back and forth with being a chronic apical infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can a chronic sinus turn into if untreated

A
  • can go back to being and forth with being an acute apical abscess
  • can go back and forth with being a chronic apical infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a chronic sinus

A
  • infection perforates bone and soft tissue to drain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can a granuloma turn into

A
  • an apical cyst which are not painful but can grow into large sizes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When does a apical cyst become painful

A

If it turns into an infected apical radicular cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a periapical granuloma

A

not a true granuloma as there is no epithelioid histiocytes mixed with the lymphocytes and giant cells. Instead it is a mass of chronically inflamed granulation tissue at the apex of the tooth (containing plasma cells, lymphocytes and few histiocytes with fibroblasts and capillaries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a radicular cyst

A

a radicular cyst is defined as a cyst arising from epithelial residues (cell rests of Malassez) in the PDL as a consequence of inflammation, usually following the death of the dental pulp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are causes of periapical radicular cysts

A
  • Caries, trauma, periodontal disease
  • Death of dental pulp
  • Apical bone inflammation
  • Dental granuloma
  • Stimulation of epithelial rests of Malassez
  • Epithelial proliferation
  • Periapical cyst formation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the clinical features of pulp hyperaemia

A

Pain is sharp and only lasting for seconds

Pain stimulated by hot/cold or sweet foods

Pain resolves after stimulus

Usually caries can be seen approaching the pulp but the tooth can still be restored

20
Q

What is the tx for pulp hyperaemia

A

Restore and monitor

21
Q

What are the clinical features of acute pulpitis

A

Constant severe pain

Reacts to thermal stimuli

Poorly localised pain

No response to analgesia

Open pulpitis symptoms are less severe

22
Q

How will acute pulpitis respond to percussion

A

Unlikely to be TTP because the periodontal ligament is not inflamed yet

23
Q

How will acute pulpitis respond to pulp testing

A

Pulp testing will not show much

24
What diagnostic tool can be useful for acute pulpitis
diagnostic LA to help localise pain
25
What are the clinical features of acute periodontitis
Pain is easier to localise Tooth is non-vital (unless traumatic)
26
How will acute periodontitis respond to percussion
will be very TTP
27
What sort of mobility may we see with acute periodontitis
Slight increase in mobility
28
What will a radiograph of a tooth with acute periodontitis show
* Loss of clarity of lamina dura * May not see a lot around the apex as it is only just spreading to the apex * If large radiolucency seen, it is more likely to be an old lesion * Can sometimes see widening of the PDl space / root resorption
29
What is traumatic periodontitis caused by
Caused by parafunction e.g tooth clenching/grinding
30
What are the clinical findings of a tooth with traumatic periodontitis
Clinical examination of occlusion TTP Normal vitality
31
What may we see on a radiograph of a tooth with traumatic periodontitis
May see generalised widening of PDL space (because of increased pressure)
32
What is the tx for a tooth with traumatic periodontitis
Occlusal adjustment Therapy for parafunction
33
What are the clinical features of a tooth with acute apical abscess prior to perforating bone
Clinical features similar to acute apical periodontitis Severe unremitting pain Acute tenderness in function Acute tenderness on percussion Should be no swelling, redness or heat however
34
What is the treatment for acute apical abscess (prior to perforation of bone)
Drainage (should only require intra-oral incision at this stage) Remove cause: * XLA * RCT * Periradicular surgery Possible AB
35
What are the need of antibiotics for an acute apical abscess based on
* Severity * Absence of adequate drainage * Patient’s medical condition
36
What are the clinical features of acute apical abscess (post perforation of bone)
* Initially, there is pain relief due to the relief of pressure (unless it has perforated into the palate) * After this, swelling, redness and heat in the soft tissues become increasingly apparent * Pain returns as swelling increases
37
What are the clinical findings of a tooth with an acute apical abscess (post perforation)
Initial reduction in TTP of tooth as pus escapes into the soft tissue
38
What is the site of swelling dependent on
* Position of tooth in arch * Root length * Muscle attachments * Potential spaces in proximity to lesion
39
What is tx for acute apical abscess (post perforation)
Drainage (intra or extra oral incision) Remove cause: * XLA * RCT * Periradicular surgery
40
What is open pulpitis
*cases of pulpitis where the inflamed pulp tissues are in direct communication with the oral environment due to a large carious lesion or fracture of the tooth exposing the pulp. Can be less painful as open cavity relieves pulpal pressure*
41
What are causes of dental abscesses
* acute apical abscess * periodontal abscess * pericoronitis * sialadentitis
42
What is an acute apical abscess
* caused by infection of the root canal
43
What is a periodontal abscess
* develops directly in the periodontium, not related to the pulp, related to periodontal disease but has the same symptoms as a periapical abscess
44
What is pericoronitis
inflammation around the crown, usually partially erupted teeth
45
What is sialadenitis
* infection of glands (usually it is the major salivary glands that get infected which results in a facial swelling, redness, and pus pouring out)
46
What local factors should we look at when assessing for AB prescription
* toxicity * airway compromisation * dysphagia * trismus * lymphadenitis * location (floor of mouth)
47
What are systemic factors that require consideration for AB prescription
* immunocompromised * diabetes * extremes of age
48
What is lymphadenitis
*enlargement of one or more lymph nodes, usually due to infection*

BDS4 Oral Surgery (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions