[RECALLS] PRELIM EXAM Flashcards
Most sensitive to local anesthesia
Nerve fiber C
Produce CSF
Ependymal cell
Difference of PNS and CNS
Mesaxon
Makes op most subcortical white matter
Association
Betz cell
Inner pyramidal
If the axon of the nerve cell is divided:
Degenrative changes:
- Distal segment that is separated from cell body
- Portion of the axon proximal to injury
- Cell body from which the axon arises
Changes in distal segment
Wallerian
Changes in cell body following injury to axon
Retrograde
Nissl material is dispersed through the cytoplasm
Chromatolysis
Changes occurs 2 days
2 weeks
Primary visual cortex
Area 17
Encapsulated except
Hair follicle receptors
Glial cell functions
Protect and support
Peripheral
Ganglion
Where can type C fiber not found
Preganglionic
Left frontal affected
Speech
Anterior neuropore closes at
25th
Corpus callosum contains what type of fibers
Comissural
Axon
Transmit data
What germ layer does the brain or nervous system originate from:
Ectoderm
What separates the supratentorial from the infratentorial:
Tentorium cerebelli
What is derived from the mesencephalon?
AOTA (tectum, tegmentum and aqueduct of sylvius)
Location of the postcentral gyrus
Parietal
Most common cause of neural tube defect
Folic acid deficiency
What day does the neuropore close?
25
What is the area where two neurons make connection:
Synapse
Most important stage in the development of the nervous system:
First semester
Neurosurgeon is operating, what should not be seen?
Macroglia
Function of glial cells
AOTA (Provides nutrition, regenerate, support)
What are the primary vesicles
Proesencephalon, mesencephalon and rhomboencephalon
Hearing and memory
Temporal lobe
Function of axon
Transmit data
Function of cell bodies
Generates data
Pairs of lumbar nerves
5
Not considered as function of cerebral cortex:
A. Overall command of nervous system
B. Origin of all voluntary movement
C. Balance
D. Conscious awareness
C. Balance
Final common pathway relatable to posture is found in this area:
A. Cerebellum and brainstem
Part of blood brain except:
A. Neuronal membrane
B. Meninges
C. Astrocyte foot pads
D. Astrocyte body
Astrocytes are found in __________ mater.
A. Gray
B. White
C. Both
D. Nor A and B
The corpus callosum contains what kind of fibers?
Commissural fibers
Bounded by cortex, lateral ventricles and basal ganglia:
Brainstem
Data inside the neuron is electrical in nature this is referred to as:
Neural transmission
Farmer fell from a 10ft high coconut tree, his peripheral nerves were damaged. If the nerves were divided degenerative changes will take place in, except:
A. Distal to the body
B. Proximal to the body
C. Basal nuclei
D. Cell body
Following are encapsulated except:
A. Hair follicle receptors
B. Neurotendinous
C. Neuromuscular
D. Ruffini
From the statement “farmer fell” what will happen to his cell body:
A. Wallerian degeneration
B. Retrograde
C. Chromatolysis
D. All of the above
Difference between PNS and CNS
A. Presence of nodes of ranvier
B. Of incisure
C. Mesaxon
D. Cells producing myelination
Child got burned, what receptor?
Free nerve endings
Sensitive to local anesthesia:
Type C
Visual area
Area 17
Injured nerve, change occurs
2 days, 2 weeks
Paralysis contralateral leg
Medial area 4
These are glial cells:
A. Fibrous astrocytes
B. Oligodendrocytes
C. Ependymal cells
D. AOTA
D. AOTA
Call center agent interruption in chages in posture due to overseas calls which are false?
A. Gravity muscles are well toned
B. Summation of impulses on anterior gray horn cells from other NS
C. A number of small muscle fibers are continously contracting to maintain posture
D. Posture depends on simple muscle reflex
Projection fibers
A. Corticospinal tract
B. Thalamus
Unmyelinated or nonmyelinated fibers are found in the following except:
A. Postganglionic sympathetic autonomic
B. Preganglionic autonomic
C. Parasympathetic autonomic
D. Autonomic nerve fibers to smooth muscle
Betz cells are found in what layer of the cortex
A. Molecular
B. Internal pyramidal ANS
C. External granular
D. Multiform
Rods and cones are what type of receptors:
A. Electromagentic ANS
B. Mechanoreceptor
C. Chemoreceptor
Involved in masterplan
Gene
Brainstem is derived from:
A and B only (Mesencephalon and Rhomboencephalon)
Myelinates the CNS
Oligodendrocytes
Final driver of synaptic connection
A. Gene
B. Transmitters
C. All of the above
D. Experience
Cell bodies of neurons are located in the
Gray matter
Cells surrounding the ventricles and walls
Ependymal
Separates the temporal lobe from the frontal lobe
A. Sylvian fissue
B. Rolandic fissurre
C. Central sulcus
D. Longitudinal fissure
Patient with Schwannoma, how many cervical nerves
8
There are ____ pairs of nerves in the sacral.
5
Lesion site with paralysis of lower extremity
Medial frontal (area 4)
Characteristic of type C fibers
Unmyelinated
Best description of CNS
Connection of glial cells are Schmidt lanterman incisure
Characteristics of dendrites rather than axon
Contain nissl bodies
Not part of the PNS
Spinal cord
Where can type C fibers not found
Preganglionic
Axon
A. Transmit data
B. Generate data
C. Receive data
Makes up most of subcortical white matter
Association fibers
Area for origin of all voluntary movement:
Brodmann’s area 4 6 8
Area for proper response to stimuli:
Prefrontal lobe area 9-12
Primary motor area
Area 4
Supplementary motor area
Area 6 and 8
Brocas area
Area 44
Posterior to the rolandic sulcus
Parietal lobe
Also part of the limbic system
Prefrontal lobe
Receives, collects, processes and interprets general sensory stimuli
Parietal lobe
Inferior to the sylvian fissure
Temporal lobe
Receives, collects, processes and interprets auditory stimuli
Temporal lobe
