Introduction And Organization Of The Nervous System By Dr. Anuta Flashcards
The _________ is the organ of consciousness, cognition, ethics, and behavior as such, it is the most intricate structure known to exist.
human nervous system
______ of the 23,000 genes encoded in the human genome are expressed in the NS.
> 1/3
Neurons exist within a dense parenchyma of multifunctional _________ that synthesize myelin, preserve homeostasis, and regulate immune responses.
glial cells
More than 350 different disease-causing genes have been identified, and >1000 neurologic disorders have been genetically mapped to various chromosomal locations.
Neurogenetics
Wires
Neurons
Connections
Synapse
Insulators
Glial cells
Cell bodies in ___________.
Gray matter
Axons in ___________.
White matter
Gray mater of the CNS
Astrocytes
White mater of the CNS
Oligodendroglia (produces myelin)
White mater
Microglia
Lines the walls of cavities and ventricles
Ependymal cells
ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY INSIDE THE NEURON
Synapse
SYNAPSE IS A VOID: TRANSFORMATION TO ___________.
CHEMICAL ENERGY
Overall in command of the nervous system
Cerebral cortex
Origin of all voluntary movement
Cerebral cortex
For all conscious awareness
Cerebral cortex
Frontal lobe as origin of all voluntary movement
Brodmann’s area 4 6 8
Frontal lobe for proper response to stimuli
Prefrontal lobe area 9 10 11 12
Also part of the LIMBIC LOBE
Prefrontal lobe
Brodmann’s area 9-12
Prefrontal lobe
Responsible for appropriate response to stimuli
Prefrontal lobe
Forms a motor homonculus / primary motor area
Area 4
Supplementary motor area
Area 6 and 8
Brocas area for expression of speech
Area 44
Located posterior to the rolandic sulcus
Parietal lobe
Receives, collects, processes and interprets general sensory stimuli
Parietal lobe
Located inferior to sylvian fissure
Temporal lobe
Receives, collects, processes and interprets auditory stimuli
Temporal lobe
Hard drive of CNS which stores all memory (inferior temporal gyrus)
Temporal lobe
LOCATED POSTERIOR TO THE PARIETAL LOBE
Occipital lobe
RECEIVES, COLLECTS, PROCESSES AND INTERPRETS VISUAL STIMULI
Occipital lobe
SCATTERED DIFFUSLY THROUGHOUT THE BRAIN
Limbic lobe
Core of our emotions and responses
Limbic lobe
THE ____________ IS FOR SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT- PRECISE/ACCURATE.
LEFT HEMISPHERE
____________ IS FOR ARTISTIC THOUGHT- LOTS OF ROOM FOR VARIATION.
RIGHT HEMISPHERE
Gray mater of diencephalon:
Basal ganglia and thalamus
White mater of diencephalon
Internal capsule
Team leader of the Basal ganglia:
Stratum
Subteam 1 of the basal ganglia
Direct pathway
Subteam 2 of basal ganglia:
Indirect pathway
Spokesman of basal ganglia:
Globus pallidus
Acetycholine and dopamine are normally in _________.
Balance
Acetylcholine depletion or dopamine excess result in:
Chorea
Acetylcholine excess or dopamine depletion result in:
Parkinsonism
Cranial nerves of cerebral cortex:
I and II
Cranial nerves for midbrain
III, IV and V
Cranial nerves of Pons
5 6 7 and part of 8
Cranial nerves of medulla
V, part of VIII, IX, X, XI, XII
ALL NUCLEI AT _________ EXCEPT FOR CRANIAL NERVES I & II .
TEGMENTUM
__________ FOUND IN MIDBRAIN, PONS, & MEDULLA
TRIGEMINAL
___________ HAS A SPINAL BRANCH
SPINAL ACCESSORY
HELPS MAINTAIN BALANCE : REORIENTING THE HEAD & TRUNK
Cerebellum
MAKES MOVEMENT COORDINATED AND EXACT
Cerebellum
Formed by ventral and dorsal roots
Spinal roots
Each segment has ___ spinal roots.
2
Has a dermatomal representation
Spinal roots
Composed of three neurons
ascending tracts
Each neuron has a cell body and axon
Ascending tracts
Where one neuron ends the other begins
Ascending tracts
Where the upper and lower motor neurons meet
Anterior horn
Formed by several spinal roots
Peripheral nervous system
Goes into all areas of the body
Peripheral nervous system
Carries motor and sensory data
Peripheral nervous system
Carry impulses to and from the CNS
Nerve fibers
2 to 20 um in diameter
Type A
Myelinated
Type A
Motor and sensory
Type A
10-70 m/sec
Type A
3 um
Type B
Thinly myelinated
Type B
Preganglionic autonimic
Type B
Pain and temperature
Type B
7-5 m/sec
Type B
<1 um
Type C
Unmyelinated
Type C
Sensory pain and temperature
Type C
<2 m/sec
Type C
POINT OF CONNECTION WITH VENTRICLES IS THROUGH ___________ and __________.
LUSCHKA and MAGENDIE
Big spaces
Cisterns
Opening in the dura mater
Venous sinuses
CSF and venous drainage
Venous sinuses
Superior saggital and inferior saggital sinuses at __________.
Falx cerebri