RECALL_MTAP Flashcards
O antigen
heat stable/heat labile?
heat stable
4 shapes of bacterial cell
round: cocci
rod-shaped: bacilli
spiral: spirilla
comma: (Vibrios)
gives shape, rigidity and protection in bacteria
cell wall
antigenic structures in cell wall
O antigen
M protein
M protein is encountered in what bacteria
S. pyogenes
M protein is anti-phagocytic/phagocytic
anti-phagocytic
M protein is important in what function of bacteria
sequelae
T/F:
cell wall is important in staining
TRUE
main component of cell walls of bacteria
murein/peptidoglycan layer
Murein is composed of __________.
sugar (disaccharides)
NAG and NAM
Peptides (made up of amino acids)
What part of the murein layer are amino acids attached
NAM
T/F:
Cell wall can be a basis of differentiation for gram(+) and gram (-) bacteria
TRUE
Features of gram (+) cell wall
thick murein layer
interspersed teichoic acid
types of teichoic acid
membrane lipoteichoic acid
cell wall teichoic acid
features of gram (-) cell wall
thin murein layer
outer membrane where lipid-rich components are found
presence of porin channels
periplasmic space
possible lipid-rich components of a gram (-) outer membrane
lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
lipooligosaccharide (LOS)
LPS in gram (-) bacteria is composed of:
From top to bottom:
Somatic antigen
Core polysaccharide
Lipid A - with endotoxin
T/F:
Endotoxin is found in gram (+) bacteria
FALSE
Only in gram neg.
What distinguishes LPS from LOS?
presence of O antigen
LOS has no O antigen
what does a periplasmic space contain?
metabolic enzymes
e.g., B-lactamase
Aside from Gr+ and Gr- cell wall, what are other types of cell wall that may be encountered in bacteria?
acid fast cell wall
Acid fast organisms are technically (Gr+, Gr-)
Gr+
Ex:
Mycobacterium in gram stain: WEAKLY Gr+
What is unique in acid fast cell wall?
presence of mycolic acids
Characteristic of mycolic acid
lipid or waxy
Demonstration of acid fast organisms may be done through ________.
Acid fast staining
Fluorescent staining: (for more sensitive testing)
Fluorescent staining for detection of acid fast organisms
Rhodamine Auramine
Difference of capsule and glycocalyx
Capsule: more organized; firmly attached to cell wall of some bacteria
Glycocalyx: less organized; slimy layer
Antigens present in capsule
K antigen
Vi antigen
K antigen is heat (stable/labile).
labile
Vi antigen is specifically found in what bacteria
Salmonella typhi.
Types of bacterial capsule
Polysaccharide-containing
Polypeptide D-glutamic acid
Hyaluronic acid capsule
Polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) capsule
Bacteria with polysaccharide-containing capsules
S. pneumoniae
K. pneumoniae
N. meningitidis
Bacteria with polypeptide d glutamic acid capsule
B. anthracis
Bacteria with hyaluronic acid capsule
P. multocida
Bacteria with PRP capsule
H. influenzae (serotype B)
Stains for bacterial capsule
India ink
Nigrosin
Mucicarmine
Bacteria with polysaccharide-containing glycocalyx
S. mutans
Colonial characteristic of a capsulated organism
Mucoid/slimy colony
How do capsulated organisms appear on gram stain
halo-like appearance
Stain for capsulated organism where halo-like appearance is seen
Gram stain
Stain for capsulated organism where capsule appears pink
mucicarmine
Capsules under mucicarmine stain appear as _________.
pink
bacterial structure for attachment or gene transfer
Pili/Fimbriae
Types of bacterial pili
Somatic
Sex
Pili for gene transfer
Sex pili
Pili for attachment
Somatic/Fimbriae
Somatic pili is also referred to as
Fimbriae
T/F:
Pili/fimbriae are non-motile structures.
TRUE
Bacterial inclusion bodies or granules that serve as food reserves
Metachromatic granules/Babes ernst granules
Volutin
Metachromatic granules are primarily found in what bacteria
Corynebacterium
Stains to demonstrate volutin granules
Loeffler’s alkaline methylene blue (LAMB)
Albert
Neisser
Glycogen containing inclusion body in bacteria which is seen in C. trachomatis
Halberstaedter Prowazek
Stain for glycogen containing inclusion bodies or Halberstaedter Prowazek
Iodine
Lipid-rich granules found in M. tuberculosis
Much granules
Much granules are found in what bacteria
M. tuberculosis
Bipolar bodies are found in what bacteria
Y. pestis
P. multocida
Special stain for bipolar bodies
Wayson’s stain
Y. pestis has a _________ appearance for bipolar bodies
Safety-pin
Main component of endospores
Dipicolinic acid or Calcium dipicolinate
Endospores are primarily found in what type of bacteria
Spore-forming bacteria
Bacillus - aerobic; Clostridium - anaerobic
Spores are colored ___________ in Gram stain
colorless
Spores cannot be stained.
Special stain for spores.
Fulton Schaeffer
Dorner’s
Spores appear in what colors in Fulton Schaeffer
Spore: green
Bacterial cell: red
