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CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY > RECALL_MTAP > Flashcards

RECALL_MTAP Flashcards

1
Q

O antigen

heat stable/heat labile?

A

heat stable

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2
Q

4 shapes of bacterial cell

A

round: cocci
rod-shaped: bacilli
spiral: spirilla
comma: (Vibrios)

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3
Q

gives shape, rigidity and protection in bacteria

A

cell wall

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4
Q

antigenic structures in cell wall

A

O antigen

M protein

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5
Q

M protein is encountered in what bacteria

A

S. pyogenes

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6
Q

M protein is anti-phagocytic/phagocytic

A

anti-phagocytic

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7
Q

M protein is important in what function of bacteria

A

sequelae

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8
Q

T/F:

cell wall is important in staining

A

TRUE

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9
Q

main component of cell walls of bacteria

A

murein/peptidoglycan layer

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10
Q

Murein is composed of __________.

A

sugar (disaccharides)
NAG and NAM

Peptides (made up of amino acids)

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11
Q

What part of the murein layer are amino acids attached

A

NAM

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12
Q

T/F:

Cell wall can be a basis of differentiation for gram(+) and gram (-) bacteria

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Features of gram (+) cell wall

A

thick murein layer

interspersed teichoic acid

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14
Q

types of teichoic acid

A

membrane lipoteichoic acid

cell wall teichoic acid

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15
Q

features of gram (-) cell wall

A

thin murein layer

outer membrane where lipid-rich components are found

presence of porin channels

periplasmic space

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16
Q

possible lipid-rich components of a gram (-) outer membrane

A

lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

lipooligosaccharide (LOS)

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17
Q

LPS in gram (-) bacteria is composed of:

A

From top to bottom:

Somatic antigen

Core polysaccharide

Lipid A - with endotoxin

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18
Q

T/F:

Endotoxin is found in gram (+) bacteria

A

FALSE

Only in gram neg.

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19
Q

What distinguishes LPS from LOS?

A

presence of O antigen

LOS has no O antigen

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20
Q

what does a periplasmic space contain?

A

metabolic enzymes

e.g., B-lactamase

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21
Q

Aside from Gr+ and Gr- cell wall, what are other types of cell wall that may be encountered in bacteria?

A

acid fast cell wall

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22
Q

Acid fast organisms are technically (Gr+, Gr-)

A

Gr+

Ex:
Mycobacterium in gram stain: WEAKLY Gr+

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23
Q

What is unique in acid fast cell wall?

A

presence of mycolic acids

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24
Q

Characteristic of mycolic acid

A

lipid or waxy

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25
Q

Demonstration of acid fast organisms may be done through ________.

A

Acid fast staining

Fluorescent staining: (for more sensitive testing)

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26
Q

Fluorescent staining for detection of acid fast organisms

A

Rhodamine Auramine

27
Q

Difference of capsule and glycocalyx

A

Capsule: more organized; firmly attached to cell wall of some bacteria

Glycocalyx: less organized; slimy layer

28
Q

Antigens present in capsule

A

K antigen

Vi antigen

29
Q

K antigen is heat (stable/labile).

A

labile

30
Q

Vi antigen is specifically found in what bacteria

A

Salmonella typhi.

31
Q

Types of bacterial capsule

A

Polysaccharide-containing

Polypeptide D-glutamic acid

Hyaluronic acid capsule

Polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) capsule

32
Q

Bacteria with polysaccharide-containing capsules

A

S. pneumoniae

K. pneumoniae

N. meningitidis

33
Q

Bacteria with polypeptide d glutamic acid capsule

A

B. anthracis

34
Q

Bacteria with hyaluronic acid capsule

A

P. multocida

35
Q

Bacteria with PRP capsule

A

H. influenzae (serotype B)

36
Q

Stains for bacterial capsule

A

India ink
Nigrosin
Mucicarmine

37
Q

Bacteria with polysaccharide-containing glycocalyx

A

S. mutans

38
Q

Colonial characteristic of a capsulated organism

A

Mucoid/slimy colony

39
Q

How do capsulated organisms appear on gram stain

A

halo-like appearance

40
Q

Stain for capsulated organism where halo-like appearance is seen

A

Gram stain

41
Q

Stain for capsulated organism where capsule appears pink

A

mucicarmine

42
Q

Capsules under mucicarmine stain appear as _________.

A

pink

43
Q

bacterial structure for attachment or gene transfer

A

Pili/Fimbriae

44
Q

Types of bacterial pili

A

Somatic

Sex

45
Q

Pili for gene transfer

A

Sex pili

46
Q

Pili for attachment

A

Somatic/Fimbriae

47
Q

Somatic pili is also referred to as

A

Fimbriae

48
Q

T/F:

Pili/fimbriae are non-motile structures.

A

TRUE

49
Q

Bacterial inclusion bodies or granules that serve as food reserves

A

Metachromatic granules/Babes ernst granules

Volutin

50
Q

Metachromatic granules are primarily found in what bacteria

A

Corynebacterium

51
Q

Stains to demonstrate volutin granules

A

Loeffler’s alkaline methylene blue (LAMB)

Albert

Neisser

52
Q

Glycogen containing inclusion body in bacteria which is seen in C. trachomatis

A

Halberstaedter Prowazek

53
Q

Stain for glycogen containing inclusion bodies or Halberstaedter Prowazek

A

Iodine

54
Q

Lipid-rich granules found in M. tuberculosis

A

Much granules

55
Q

Much granules are found in what bacteria

A

M. tuberculosis

56
Q

Bipolar bodies are found in what bacteria

A

Y. pestis

P. multocida

57
Q

Special stain for bipolar bodies

A

Wayson’s stain

58
Q

Y. pestis has a _________ appearance for bipolar bodies

A

Safety-pin

59
Q

Main component of endospores

A

Dipicolinic acid or Calcium dipicolinate

60
Q

Endospores are primarily found in what type of bacteria

A

Spore-forming bacteria

Bacillus - aerobic; Clostridium - anaerobic

61
Q

Spores are colored ___________ in Gram stain

A

colorless

Spores cannot be stained.

62
Q

Special stain for spores.

A

Fulton Schaeffer

Dorner’s

63
Q

Spores appear in what colors in Fulton Schaeffer

A

Spore: green

Bacterial cell: red

CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY (3 decks)

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