Recall Flashcards
good luck
- Lurasidone mechanism of action.
D2, 5HT2a, 5HT7 antagonist - partial agonist at 5HT1A
What does Lurasidone not bind to?
Lurasidone does not bind to histaminergic or muscarinic receptors
- AD with Least sexual side effects
Vortioxetine
- Topiramate prominent side effect
Weight Loss
Prominent lithium side effect
Worsening Psoriasis
Which receptor does clozapine have greatest affinity
Alpha 1A/B
Lamotrigine mechanism of action
NMDA receptor modulation
Na Channels stable
Ca Channels blocked
Some GABA
NMDA receptor has greatest affinity for what compound?
Glutamate
Methamphetamine - highest affinity for which vesicle?
Dopamine vesicles
MDMA most affinity for which vesicle?
Serotonin Vesicles
NMDA molecular mechanism?
Glutamate receptor and ion channel
1/3 - AMPA and Kainate
CALCIUM ENTRY TO activate excitability
SERT Molecular mechanism
Na Dependent 5HT transporter
SLC6A4 gene
Transports back into presynaptic
UTILSISES SODIUM AND CHLORIDE FOR RE_ENTRY
Autoimmune encephalitis antibodies
Limbic activity, hyponatraemia - few Psych Sx
LGI1 antibody
Autoimmune encephalitis antibodies
3rd optic nerve and spine inflammation
AQP-4
Preserved in Schizophrenia?
Short/long/procedural/semantic
Procedural
What test do you use for short term memory? 5+ 2
Digit span
Test for abstract reasoning
Proverb test
Gene for Alpha synuclein
SNCA on Ch4
Cocktail Party Phenomenon
Selective vs involuntary
Selective Auditory attention
Meaning of words means…
Lexical semantics
Test for selective attention
Stroop test
Pathophysiology of korsakoffs
Mamillary body - alphaketoglutarate dysfunction
Pathophys of MSA
Alpha Synuclein in glial cells
Gene for P-glycoprotein
ABCB1 - MDR1 - Chr 7
Which molecule is component of BBB
Huntingtin/hypocretin/app/ApoE/Prion
APP
How many eps of depression to get recurrent?
2
Emotional memories occur in which phase of sleep
REM
A man is told he needs to get foot amputation, he is admitted and sees a patient who has had a similar surgery. He breaks equipment and says death is better than this.
Acute stress vs Adjustment
Acute stress
Difference between avoidant restrictive food intake and anorexia
Intentional weight loss
Difference between hoarding and OCD
Absence of obsessional thoughts
How long after grief can we diagnose grief disorder
6 months
Qualifier for depressive episode in ICD-11?
Melancholy
CHild is shocked and does not come close when offered help - attachmenmt disorder?
Reactive attachment disorder
What behaviour is seen in reactive attachment type?
Minimal seeking of comfort, inadequate childcare
CHild at daycare shows no reaction when left or collected by parents - style of attachment?
Avoidant attachment
Brain organoid represents which age in human
2nd trimester
Prazosin indicated for which condition?
Anxiety
Pindolol for which condition
Depression
Guanfacine for which condition?
ADHD
Greatest improvement of cognitive Sx in Schizophrenia with which NT?
Dopamine
Which drug abused by students for learning?
Amphetamine
Brain structure influences empathy?
Insula
Treatment for REM Sleep disorder
Melatonin
Which condition loses Orexin in neurons?
Narcolepsy
Atomextine MOA
Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor
Nomothetic personality theory doesnt include
individual variability
Benefit of categorical classification of disorders?
Easy collection of epidemiological data
Bayes theory - an already held belief is also called
Priors
Most common inclusion in FTD
Tau +ve Amyloid -ve
LRRK2 mutation in which dementia
Parkinsons Chr 12
GPCR how many times passes through membrane?
7
Which AP reaches peak concentration fastest? Quetiapine, olanzapine, sulpiride, aripiprazole
Quetiapine
AOC in drugs denotes?
Exposure to drug over time
Absorption constant independent of …
Elimination constant
Campaign for harms of smoking used which kind of power? Referent/legitimate/information/expert
Information
Incorrect recall is what type of memory issue?
Retroactive falsification
Man is seeing faces as frightening and misshapen
chromat/metamorph/pelop/palino/parapropsia
paraprosopsia
What is palinopsia
Persistence of an image even after the image is removed
Complex PTSD is differentiated from PTSD by ..?
Poor interpersonal relationships
What brain structure has hypoplasia in Autism?
Cerebellar Vermis
What is true about purines?
Uncommon nitrogen containing compounds
Biological plausible genetic basis for schizophrenia?
DISC1
Metabolic syndrome present in which percentage of cases in CATIE trial?
41-50%
Research finding about altrusism?
Reduced physical perception of pain
Increased maternal sensitivity during attachment behaviour is due to increased connections between what brain structures?
Hippocampus & Amygdala
NT that runs the Epigenetic mechanism by maternal attachment?
Oxytocin
Hallucinogenic effects of psychedelics produced by which receptor?
5HT2A
Which test is used for assessing motor speed?
Finger Tap Test
Non dominant side lesion causes which apraxia
Constructional apraxia
Narrowest therapeutic index - Carbamazepine, Doxepin, Zopiclone, Clonazepam
Carbamazepine
Piaget theory - most important feature of sensorimotor?
Object permanence
Most biologically active metabolite - diazepam, lorazepam, oxazepam
Oxazepam
Which level of morality - fit in socially and perceived as nice person? Kohlberg
Conventional
Default Mode Network involves which lobe?
Inferior parietal lobe
Lobes of DMN
Medial prefrontal cortex
Angular gyrus (IPL)
Precuneus
posterior cingulate cortex
Salience network structure
Cingulate cortex
Anterior insular
Thalamus
Striatum
Central Executive
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Intraparietal sulcus
Posterior Parietal cortex
Interviewer rated scale depression
HAMD
Advantage of using cross sectional method in a study with children?
Quick data collection
Test of premorbid intelligence
National Adult Reading test
What is a predictor of alcohol dependence in young people?
Early onset of drinking
In Vivo measurement of NTs
MRS
FDG administration is used in which imaging modality
PET
Which ion channel is most implicated in schizophrenia?
Calcium
The concept that peoples interactions are influenced by each other and then each other in turn?
Circular causality
The term for family members ganging up on other members
Detouring
EPS are produced at what percentage D2 occupancy
0.8
Recombination fraction value that means two genes will be independently assorted
0.5
Metabotropic receptors are which kind?
GPCR
1st line treatment of constipation in clozapine
Senna
Deep brain stimulation in OCD targets what
Anterior Limb of internal capsule
Dentate gyrus is a part of…
Hippocampus
Which one requires longest duration for Dx - Schizoaffective/Adjustment/Schizophrenia/Delusional/Schizotypal
Schizotypal
Aggression is reduced by
Observing the aggressor receive punishment
What is extended in autistic children
Pre linguistic communication
WHat is true about adolescent turmoil
Difficulties with parents is common
Boy or girls more affected in child bereavement
Boys more affected than girls
Conrad’s model : which stage does individual start to find new meaning for psychological processes
Apophany
Term for fluent plausible lying with fantastical elements
Pseudologia fantastica
Southern blot for which molecular structure
DNA
Gregory theory about perception
Perception depends on making inferences on past experiences
Suboxone - which is naloxone with buprenorphine - benefit of mix?
Reduce chance of misuse
Name of effect for lots of onlookers that do not help
Bystander effect
What effect does the Polis exhibit when seeing a well dressed man at a crime scene and assumes all is well
Halo effect
First rank symtpon example
Man sees clock strike 12 and believes he is messiah
Last part of brain to be myelinated
Anterior front pole
New info affecting old memories term?
Retroactive falsification
Caffein effect is directly reversed by which receptors?
Adenosine receptors
The name of effect when people wash their hands only when washed
Hawthorne effect
Kraepelin - DP MD
Dementia Praecox & manic depression
Bleuler - S
Schizophrenia
Hecker - H
Hebephrenia
Kahlbaum
Ca
Catatonia
Morel DP
Demence Precoce
kaSAnin
Schizoaffective
Beard - N
Neurasthenia
Kleist
Unipolar & Bipolar
Braid(h)y
Hypnosis
Lewin - GD
Group Dynamics
Moreno - GP
Group Psychotherapy
Koch
Lil cock
Psychopathic Inferiority
Reil - P
Psychiatry
In BartoN
Institutional Neurosis
James Lange theory of emotions?
James and the bobby > brain flakes > cry vomit shake
B > E
Emotions from Body sensations
Event - arousal - interpretation - emotion
Cannon-bard theory of emotions (thalami)
CB = B + E
Emotion at same time as body sensation
simultaneous
Singer-Schachter theory (2 factor)
C + B = E
Emotion from both physiology and context
Heart racing plus bad context
vs
Heart racing plus good context
Lazarus theory of emotions?
T > E
Thought prior to emotion
Big dog - think of bite - feel afraid
Erving Goffman ?
Stigma
Total Institution
MECP2 condition?
Rett syndrome
Delay & Deniker - Drug
Chlorpromazine
Cerletti - Intervention
ECT
Anthony Ryle - Therapy
Cognitive analytic therapy
Rutter
Child Psychiatry
Adler?
Personality drives superiority
Inferiority complex
Eric Erickson
Stages of Psychsocial development
Wilfred Bion
Group Dyanmics
Anna Freud
Defence mechanism
Otto Kernberg
Psychotherapy for PD
Margaret Mahler
Child development
Mahler stages
Autistic
Symbiotic
Separation-Individuation
X-Linked Dom conditions?
Vitamin D resistant rickets
Rett Syndrome
X-linked Recessive conditions
Cerebellar Ataxia
Hunter’s Syndrome
Lesch-Nyhan
Mitochondrial conditions
Leber optic neuropathy
Kearns-Sayre
AD conditions
NFT1 & 2
TS
Achondroplasia
Huntingtons Disease
Noonans syndrome
AR Conditions
Cystic Fibrosis
Wilsons Disease
Friedrich’s ataxia
Tay-Sachs Disease
Homocystinuria
Phenylketonuria
Galactosaemia
Hurlers syndrome
Sick role?
Parsons
Bobo doll experiment?
Bandura
PTSD medicines
Sertraline, Paroxetine
Bulimia treatment
Fluoxetine
AP with biggest weight gain x2
Clozapine and Olanzapine
Jost law of memory
If two memories are equally strong, the more recent one will be forgotten more easily
Bupropion moa
NA Dopamine transporter reuptake inhibition, nicotinic ach receptor antagonist
Clonidine guanfacine moa
Alpha 1 agonism
Thiamine - b number and conditions
B1
Beriberi
Wernicke
Niacin b and condition
Pellagra- dementia dermatitis diarrhoea
B3
Herpes encephalitis
Autonomic instability + jerks (friendly) + medial temp lobes
Which Ig?
CASPR2
Herpes encephalitis
Hyponatraemia + faciobrachial seizures
Which Ig?
LGI1 antibody
Herpes encephalitis
Psychosis and chewing
Which Ig?
NMDR antibody
Which gene has been linked to dyslexia?
Dcdc2
Who coined cognitive dissonance
Festinger