Reasons for uneven development (Development and quality of life) Flashcards
1
Q
SHEEP reasons (5 categories)
A
- Social-cultural
- Historical
- Environmental
- Economic
- Political
2
Q
Social-cultural reasons
A
- Education - Adult Literacy Rate (ALR)
2. Population Growth Rate
3
Q
Historical Reasons
A
Colonialism
4
Q
Environmental Reasons
A
- Pests
2. Natural disasters
5
Q
Economic Reasons
A
Cumulative causation
6
Q
Political Reasons
A
- Political conflict
2. Gov competency/ Leadership
7
Q
Education (S)
A
- DC higher ALR due to btr quality education infrastructure
- more ppl able to read and write (skills and knowledge)
- more work in sec, tertiary, quaternary sectors
- higher pay, higher standard of living, btr quality of life
- competent workforce attracts foreign investors e.g Dyson
- e.g. Sg: compulsory 10 yrs education, Myskillsfuture ($500 credit for training, update skills
- LDC education too expensive, quality of education may be low
- ppl with no education reluctant to change/learn new skills, many unskilled workers, low productivity and income
8
Q
Population growth rate (LDC) (S)
A
- overpopulation (usually LDC): when birth rate is much higher than death rate
- might face problems ie. insufficient food, housing (Hongkong)
- opportunity cost occurs when gov increase expenditure on providing basic needs for young population
- cannot focus on developing country ie. infrastructure
9
Q
Population growth rate (DC) (S)
A
- fewer children
- higher cost and standard of living
- enuf food, no shortage of healthcare/employment opportunities, housing
- govt can focus on building economy
- low birth rate might result in insufficient manpower
10
Q
Colonialism (H) (definition and reason)
A
- domination of a more powerful country over another country
- most LDC once under colonial rule e.g. Angola under Portuguese
- obtain raw materials that couldn’t be found/grown in home country (manufacture and make sell, profit) , take control of strategic trade routes
11
Q
How colonialism results in uneven development (H)
A
- development slow in many colonies
- colonial power build infrastructure to facilitate trade/manufacturing e.g. roads (movement of cash crops)
- neglect other sectors e.g. education
- gap in development between colonies and colonial power countries widen
- corruption, exploitation as former colonies continue to export “low-value” raw materials e.g. oil, diamonds, gain little profit (LDC)
- DC continue to develop tech, industrialise
12
Q
Colonialism anomalies
A
- colonies that were colonised for strategic locations developed faster than those colonised for raw materials
- e.g. SG developed infrastructure and port by the time British left
13
Q
Pests, natural disasters, human diseases (En)
A
- agricultural fields impt source of food and income can be ruined by pests e.g. locusts
- gov need to spend money to import food for citizens due to lost of food crops
- spend resources to rebuild/repair damages (infrastructure)
- loss of income, lesser taxes, economy affected, development cannot continue
14
Q
Cumulative causation (Ec)
A
- process of how movement of ppl and resources frm periphery makes core richer
- core: more wealth, developed, many employment opportunities, attracts workers from periphery
- population in core increases, dd for gds and services increase, I increase, businesses expand, new ones created
- economy improves, more jobs created, profits and wages increase
- core area improves infrastructure and services, cater to needs, development increases (cumulative causation)
15
Q
How cumulative causation causes uneven development (Ec) [Backwash effect]
A
- occurs when only core is developing, periphery not developing
- e.g. when SG developed quickly, attracted workers (cheaper labour) frm periphery countries ie. India.
- Periphery countries drained of labour, development hindered, disadvantaged
