Realism Flashcards
1
Q
Beliefs
A
- Real rise in crime
- Concerned over impact and fear
- Emerged in shift to Right – Thatcher and Reagan
2
Q
Right realism
A
crime threatens cohesion, need zero tolerance, shift away from causes of crime to punishing and controlling it
3
Q
RR explanations
A
- Biological differences – some are naturally criminal
- Socialization – lack of nuclear family creates underclass with lack of work ethic and discipline
- Rational choice – people have free will. If benefits outweigh consequences, individual will commit crime. Need to raise the ‘costs’
4
Q
RR tackling
A
- Tackling – containment and punishment
- ‘broken windows’ theory, police control the streets, heavy use of fines and imprisonment
- Zero tolerance introduced in 1994 – but crime already falling since 1985
- Situational – reduce opportunities, target hardening (Port Authority)
- Environmental – clean car program
5
Q
Evaluation of RR
A
doesn’t explain non – utilitarian crime, zero tolerance leads to displacement
6
Q
Left realism
A
• Left realism – advocate reform socialism, identifying the disadvantaged
7
Q
LR explanations
A
- Relative deprivation – Lea and Young. Leads to resentment. Lethal when placed with individualism
- Subculture – same goals as society
- Marginalization – lack clear goals and representation. Unemployed youths are marginalized, feeling powerless to make change
8
Q
LR tackling
A
deal with structural causes, remove military policing (alienates communities)
social and community crime prevention (preschool)
9
Q
Evaluation of LR
A
doesn’t reveal motives, ignorance of corporate crime
