Realism Flashcards
Wilson and Kellings
(Right)
It’s essential to maintain order in neighbourhoods and advocate ‘zero tolerance’
Young
(Right)
. ‘Success’ of zero tolerance in NY is myth made by politicians to take credit
. Police need arrests to justify job, NY’s shortage led to ‘define deviance up’
Wilson and Hernstein
(Right)
Biosocial theory of criminal behaviour
Hernstein and Murray
(Right)
Main cause of crime is low intelligence
Lilly et al
IQ differences account for 3% of differences in offending
Murray
(Right)
Crime is increasing due to underclass failing to adequately socialise their children
Clarke
(Right)
Decision to commit crime is choice based on rational calculations of punishment and reward
Young
(Left) (Taking crime serious)
An increase in crime in the 1950s led to an aetiological crisis (crisis in explanation) - the increase was real
Pryce
(Left) (Subcultures)
Several subcultures within Bristol’s Black Community have turned to Weber’s ‘theodicy of disprivilige’. E.g: Saints
Young
(Left) (Subcultures)
Neighbourhoods in USA still committed to American Dream, opportunities blocked - resort to crime
Runciman
(Left)
Concept of relative deprivation
Young
(Left) (Marginalisation)
Unemployed youth are marginalised, sense of frustration - resort to crime
Young
(Left) (Rising)
. ‘defining deviance up’
^ Crime surveys show high level of public concern about anti - social behaviour
Young
(Left) (Gov)
Policies of 1997-2010 New Labour Gov doomed attempts to recreate ‘Golden Age’ - didn’t address causes of crime
Young
(Left) (Falling rate)
. 2nd aetiological crisis - mid 1990’s crime rate decreased
. Crime is social construct as was still seen as a problem
Kinsey, Lea and Young
(Left)
Police clear up rates are too low to act as a deterrent
