Globilisation and Crime Flashcards
Hobbs and Dunningham
Changes with globilisation = changes to crime patterns
^ ‘Glocal’ crime
Taylor
Globilisation created greater inequalities and rising crime - relative deprivation
Castells
Now global criminal economy worth up to £1 trillion per year
Rothe and Friedrich
Examine role of international financial organisations - dominated by major capitalism states
. ‘structural adjustment programmes’ - on poorer countries as condition for loan
^ created economic basis for 1994 genocide (Rwanda)
Glenny
Traces origins of transnational crime to break up of Soviet Union - coincided with deregulation of global markets
- those who brought loads of natural systems and sold them abroad known as - Oligarchs
^ hired McMafia to protect funds - purely economic organisation
= criminal organisations vital to entry of new Russian capitalist class
Situ and Emmons
Define environment crime as unauthorised acts/ommision that violates the law
Beck
We can now provide adequate resources for all threats, but use of tech created ‘manufactured risks’
^ now living in ‘global risk society’
White
(Green Criminology)
Subject matter of green criminology needs to be much wider - form of transgressive criminology
^ oversteps boundaries of traditional crim
White
(Two views of harm)
Anthropocentric view = humans have right to dominate nature for own ends - economy first
Ecocentric view = humans and environment separate as harms to environment also harms humans
South
Classifies Primary and Secondary Green Crime
. Primary = crimes that result directly from destruction/degradation of Earth’s resources
. Secondary = crime that grows out of the flouring of rules aimed at preventing/regulating environmental disaster
Walters
Ocean floor has been radioactive rubbish dump for decades
Day
In every case Gov commits itself to nuclear weapons, all those who oppose treated in some way enemies of the state
Green and Ward
Define state crime as “illegal or deviant activities perpetrated by, or with the complicity of state agencies
. 262 million people murdered by Gov’s during the 20th century
Kramer and Michalowski
(war crimes)
To justify invasion of Iraq as self defence, USA and UK knowingly made false claims that Iraq possessed weapons
Kramer and Michalowski
(State - corporate)
State initiated = state initiates, direct or approve corporate crime (E.G: challenger space shuttle disaster)
State facilitated = state fails to regulate and control corporate behaviour
Kauzlarich
Study of anti-Iraq war protestors found while saw war as harmful, unwilling to label it criminal
Chambliss
State crime is acts defined by law as criminal and committed by state officials in pursuit of their jobs
Rothe and Mullins
State crime is any action by/on behalf of state that violates international law and/or own domestic law
Risse et al
Virtually all states care about human rights - now global social norm
Cohen
Not all acts against human rights are self evidently criminal
Hillyard et al
Should apply zemiology to state crime
Bauman
It was certain key features of modern society that made Holocaust possible:
1. Division of Labour
2. Bureaucratisisation
3. Instrumental Rationality
4. Science and Tech
Adorno et al
Authoritan personality includes willingness to obey orders of superior without question
Green and Ward
To overcome norms against use of cruelty, individuals need to be resocialised
