Real Oral Exam Guide Flashcards
What certifications and documents must be on board the aircraft for it to be considered legal?
A : Airworthiness Certificate R : Radio License (For operation outside US) R : Registration (Every 3 years) O : Operating Limitations (Found in POH) W : Weight and Balance (Found in POH)
What are the items that are required to be carried with you to act as pilot in command?
- Photo ID
- Current Medical Certificate
- Pilot License
What are the limitations regarding flying for hire as a private pilot?
A private pilot cannot act as pilot in command of an aircraft carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire. A private pilot must pay an equal (pro rata) share of operating expenses of a flight carrying passengers.
How long is a third class medical valid?
- Under 40 : 5 years
- 40 or Older : 2 years
What is required to act as PIC of a complex, high performance or tailwheel airplane?
You are required to receive and log ground and flight training and obtain a logbook endorsement from an appropriately rated CFI.
What is required to act as PIC of a turbojet powered aircraft, or an aircraft weighing over 12,500 pounds?
You are required to obtain a type rating.
What is a flight review? Within what time period must a flight review have been satisfactorily completed in order to act as PIC?
A flight review is a minimum of one hour of ground training and one hour of flight training that must be completed in the proceeding 24 calendar months to act as PIC.
What must be done to remain current to act as PIC carrying passengers?
3 takeoffs and 3 landings within the proceeding 90 days.
Define category, class and type.
Category is a broad classification of aircraft such as airplane, rotorcraft, glider, etc. Class refers to aircrafts having similar operating characteristics such as single engine land, single engine water, etc. Type refers to a specific make and model of aircraft.
What flight experience must be entered into a logbook?
Flight experience which is required for obtaining a certificate or rating, completing a flight review, or meeting currency requirements.
What type of airframe inspections is an aircraft required to have undergone to be considered airworthy?
An annual inspection within the proceeding 12 calendar months, as well as a 100 hour inspection if the aircraft is used for compensation or hire.
Is an airplane owner, who is not a mechanic, allowed to perform any type of maintenance on the aircraft?
Yes. Aircraft owners can perform preventative maintenance, such as oil changes.
How often must a transponder be inspected to be considered airworthy?
Every 24 calendar months there must be a transponder inspection.
Who is responsible for keeping the aircraft in an airworthy condition?
The owner or operator.
What is an airworthiness directive? Why are they issued?
An AD is issued by the FAA when there is a safety issue with a particular type of aircraft. They are mandatory and must be complied with within a certain time frame.
What instruments and equipment are required for VFR day flight?
A - Anti-Collision Lights T - Tachometer O - Oil Pressure Gauge M - Manifold Gauge A - Altimeter T - Temperature Gauge O - Oil Temperature Gauge F - Fuel Gauge L - Landing Gear Indicator A - Airspeed Indicator M - Magnetic Compass E - ELT S - Safety Belts
What instruments and equipment are required for VFR night flight?
All the equipment for daytime VFR plus: F - Fuses L - Landing Light A - Anti-Collision Lights P - Position Lights S - Source of electrical energy
Must you notify the FAA of an address change?
Yes you must report it to the FAA within 30 days.
Define the responsibility and authority of the pilot in command?
The PIC has the final authority over the aircraft. He is responsible for the safety of the crew and passengers.
Above what altitude must all passengers be provided with supplemental oxygen?
All passengers must be provided with supplemental oxygen when the cabin altitude is 15,000 feet MSL or above. The required flight crew must be provided with supplemental oxygen in excess of 30 minutes above 12,500’ MSL, or for the entire time above 14,000’ MSL.
Which occurrences require immediate notification to the NTSB?
The inability of a required crew member to perform his/her duties, an in-flight fire, a flight control system malfunction, a mid-air collision, failure of the structural components of a turbine engine, damage to property in excess of 25,000 dollars, or when an aircraft is overdue and is to believed to have been involved in an accident.
What is standard sea level temperature and pressure?
15 degrees Celsius and 29.92” Hg.
What is the standard lapse rate?
2 degrees for every 1,000’
What is the Coriolis Force?
It is a theory that explains how things deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere. It applies to wind, pressure and general weather patterns. The Coriolis Force is the reason wind and weather patterns generally move from west to east in the United States.
Why is wind shear dangerous?
Wind shear is dangerous because it is unpredictable, and it can cause significant changes in heading, airspeed, and altitude, especially close to the ground.
What is the significance of a close temperature - dew point spread?
A close temperature-dew point spread indicates the probable formation of visible moisture in the form of dew, mist, fog or clouds.
What are the characteristics of stable and unstable air?
Stable Air: Visibility - Poor Precipitation - Steady Turbulence - Smooth Unstable Air: Visibility - Good Precipitation - Showery Turbulence - Rough
What are the three types of fronts and what significance is this to aviation?
The three types of fronts are cold front, warm front and stationary front. Each front indicates a different type of weather.
What type of weather is associated with a cold front?
Cold fronts usually contain the most volatile weather. Because cold air replaces warm air quickly, the difference in pressure is the greatest with the potential for violent weather.
What type of weather is associated with a warm front?
The weather associated with a warm front is usually relatively mild. Warm front weather is usually much more widespread and longer lasting then that of a cold front.
What type of weather is associated with a stationary front?
A stationary front is when warm and cold air masses meet, but do not mix. Wind always blows along the frontal boundary of a stationary front, and in some cases embedded storms occur.
What is an occluded front?
An occluded front is a combination of cold, warm, and cool air. Thus, weather in occluded fronts are a combination of cold and warm front weather.
What is clear air turbulence? Why is it dangerous?
Clear air turbulence is turbulence not associated with thunderstorms. It usually occurs along an upper level temperature inversion. It is dangerous because it is often unexpected, and it can be severe.
What are three types of structural icing?
The three types of structural icing are clear, rime and mixed ice. Clear ice forms when drops are large as in rain or in cumuliform clouds. It is hard, heavy, and unyielding. Rime ice forms as a result of small drops found in stratified clouds and drizzle. Air becomes trapped in between the drops and makes the ice appear white. Mixed ice is a combination of clear and rime ice.
How much can ice or frost degrade performance?
It is important not to operate with frost on the wings because it can degrade performance by up to 40%.
What are the types of fog and how are they formed?
The fog types include radiation, advection, precipitation-induced, upslope, and ice. Radiation fog forms when the air close to the ground is cooled faster than the air above it. It usually forms at night or near daybreak. Advection fog forms along coastal areas when the water is warmer than the air around it. Precipitation-induced fog forms when relatively warm rain or drizzle falls through cool air and evaporation from the precipitation saturates the cool air. Upslope fog forms as a result of moist, stable air being cooled adiabatically as it moves up sloping terrain. Ice fog occurs in cold weather when the temperature is well below freezing and water vapor sublimates directly as ice crystals.
What conditions must be present for a thunderstorm to form?
Formation of a thunderstorm requires a lifting action, an unstable lapse rate, and sufficient water vapor.
What is a microburst? Why is it hazardous to aircraft? How long does a microburst typically last?
A microburst is a heavy downdraft occurring within a thunderstorm. It is hazardous to aircraft because of the extreme down force. The downdrafts become stronger outflowing horizontal surface winds flowing outward from the base of the thunderstorm. A microburst usually lasts for a total of 10 minutes with the maximum intensity winds lasting for 2 to 4 minutes.
What type of flying weather do low-pressure systems present?
Low-Pressure systems are quite often regions of poor flying weather, and high-pressure systems are predominantly regions of favorable flying weather.
Where is weather information available on the ground?
Weather information is available on the ground from a Flight Service Station (FSS), Direct User Access Terminal System (DUATS), and Telephone Information Briefing Service (TIBS). You can speak to a pre-flight briefer at FSS and/or receive TIBS by calling 1-800-WX-BRIEF anywhere in the country. DUATS is a free service available to pilots on the Internet. Here you can receive weather information, and file a flight plan. TIBS is recorded weather information that can be obtained by calling 1-800-WX-BRIEF.
Where is weather information available in-flight?
Weather information is available in-flight with:
HIWAS - Hazardous In-Flight Weather Advisory Service
FSS - Flight Service Stations
TWEB - Transcribed Weather Broadcast
ATIS - Automatic Terminal Information Service
ASOS - Automated Surface Observation Service
AWOS - Automated Weather Observation Service
What is a METAR?
A METAR is a current weather observation that is updated as a regular interval, and applies to a 5-mile radius around the observation point (usually an airport), reporting wind, visibility, storm activity, ceilings, temperature, altimeter setting, and remarks.
