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Private Pilot > Oral Exam Review > Flashcards

Oral Exam Review Flashcards

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Charter Pilot (Part 135) - Oral flashcards
1
Q

To act as a required flight crew member, what documents must you personally have on you?

A
  • Photo ID
  • Pilot License
  • Current Medical Certificate
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2
Q

What is the definition of a high-performance aircraft, and what requirements must you have completed to fly one?

A
  • An aircraft with an engine of 200HP or more.
  • You must receive ground/flight training from an authorized instructor of a high-performance airplane.
  • You must receive a one time logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor of a high-performance airplane.
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3
Q

What are some types of airplanes that require a one-time logbook endorsement?

A
  • High-Performance
  • Complex
  • Tailwheel
  • High-Altitude
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4
Q

With respect to the certification of airmen, define the terms “Category”, “Class” and “Type”.

A
  • Category : A broad classification of aircraft (airplane, rotorcraft, glider etc).
  • Class : A classification of aircraft within a category of similar operating characteristics (single-engine land, single-engine sea etc).
  • Type : A specific make or model of an aircraft.
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5
Q

What are the requirements to remain current as a pilot to carry passengers?

A
  • Must have had a flight review in the proceeding 24 calendar months.
  • Must have done 3 takeoffs and 3 landings within the proceeding 90 days. (Full stops if tailwheel or between 1 hour after sunset and 1 hour before sunrise).
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6
Q

What medical certificate is required to operate as a private pilot? When does it expire?

A
  • Third Class Medical Certificate
  • If over the age of 40, it expires in 2 years.
  • If under the age of 40, it expires in 5 years.
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7
Q

What aircraft documents are required to be on board during flight?

A
  • A : Airworthiness Certificate
  • R : Radio License (For operating outside of U.S)
  • R : Registration (Expires every 3 years)
  • O : Operating Limitations (Found in POH)
  • W : Weight and Balance (Found in POH)
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8
Q

What are airworthiness directives?

A

An AD is when the FAA notifies current aircraft owners of unsafe conditions that may exist because of design defects, maintenance, or other causes. It specifies what must be done in order to safely operate the aircraft. There are two types of AD’s. One-Time AD’s and Recurring AD’s.

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9
Q

What are the required inspections to be performed on aircrafts?

A
  • A : Annual Inspection (Required every 12 months)
  • V : VOR Inspection (Required every 30 days) (IFR)
  • 1 : 100 Hour Inspection (Only for compensation or hire)
  • A : Altimeter (Required every 24 months) (IFR)
  • T : Transponder (Required every 24 months)
  • E : ELT (Overall ELT inspection / ELT battery inspection)(Required every 12 months)
  • S : Static/Pitot System (Required every 24 months) (IFR)
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10
Q

If the annual date has passed for the annual inspection, can an aircraft be flown to a location to get the annual inspection done?

A

Yes. It can be done by requesting a special flight permit from the FAA.

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11
Q

What instruments are required for VFR day flight?

A
  • A : Anti-Collision Lights (Beacon / Strobes)
  • T : Tachometer for each engine
  • O : Oil Pressure Gauge
  • M : Manifold Pressure Gauge
  • A : Altimeter
  • T : Temperature Gauge for liquid-cooled engine
  • O : Oil Temperature Gauge for air-cooled engine
  • F : Fuel Quantity Gauge
  • L : Landing Gear Position Indicator
  • A : Airspeed Indicator
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12
Q

What instruments are required for VFR night flight?

A

Everything for VFR day flight plus:

  • F : Fuses
  • L : Landing Light
  • A : Anti-Collision Lights
  • P : Position Lights (NAV Lights)
  • S : Source of electrical energy
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13
Q

What are private pilot eligibility requirements?

A
  1. Must be at least 17 years old.
  2. Read, speak and write English.
  3. Hold at least a third class medical.
  4. Received required ground and flight training requirements.
  5. Passed the knowledge and practical tests.
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14
Q

What are some privileges and limitations of a private pilot?

A
  1. You may NOT act as PIC of an aircraft that is carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire.
  2. You may act as PIC in connection with business if it’s incidental.
  3. May not pay less than the pro rata share of expenses with passengers.
  4. May act as PIC carrying passengers for charitable organization.
  5. May be reimbursed for search and rescue operations.
  6. May demonstrate aircraft to a potential buyer.
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15
Q

How can a pilot determine if an aircraft is equipped with a Mode C Transponder?

A

Check the current weight and balance equipment list of the aircraft.

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16
Q

What is an MEL?

A

An MEL(Minimum Equipment List) is a precise listing of instruments, equipment and procedures that allow the aircraft to be operated under specific conditions with inoperative equipment.

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17
Q

What is the difference between proficiency and currency?

A

Currency is the legal requirements to continue practicing your pilot privileges, while proficiency is being able to safely and efficiently conduct a flight (No legal status). If you are current, but not proficient, while it is still legal to fly, it’s probably not safe.

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18
Q

What is a special flight permit and how do you get one?

A

It is a permit issued for an aircraft that may not meet airworthy requirements, but is still safe to fly. You would get one to fly to a location where maintenance can be done. You can obtain one by contacting FSDO.

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19
Q

What is preventative maintenance?

A

Simple and minor preservation operations and the replacement of small standard parts not involving complex assembly operation. Certified pilots, excluding student, sport and recreational may perform preventative maintenance. (Oil changes, wheel bearing lubrication, hydraulic fluid/brakes, landing gear system refills)

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20
Q

What are some general characteristics in regard to the flow of air around high and low pressure systems in the Northern Hemisphere?

A

Low Pressure - Inward, Upward and Counterclockwise

High Pressure - Outward, Downward and Clockwise

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21
Q

What is a trough?

A

An elongated area of relatively low atmospheric pressure. Rising air is found in a trough which causes cloudiness and precipitation. Low pressure equals bad weather.

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22
Q

What is a ridge?

A

An elongated area of relatively high atmospheric pressure. Descending air is found in a ridge which dissipates cloudiness and makes for good VFR weather. High pressure equals good weather.

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23
Q

What are isobars?

A

A line on a weather chart that connects areas of equal or constant barometric pressure.

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24
Q

What does isobar spacing on a weather chart depict?

A

When the isobars are closer together, it indicates a steeper pressure gradient which results in higher velocity winds. If they are further apart, it indicates a shallower pressure gradient which results in less strong winds.

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25
Q

What causes the winds aloft to flow parallel to the isobars?

A

The Coriolis Force

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26
Q

Why do surface winds flow across the isobars at an angle?

A

Surface Friction

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27
Q

At what rate does barometric pressure decrease as altitude increases?

A

1” Hg per 1,000’

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28
Q

What is the dew point?

A

The point at which the air must be cooled for saturation to occur.

29
Q

What primarily determines the type and vertical extent of clouds?

A

The stability of the atmosphere.

30
Q

List the effects of stable air on clouds, precipitation, turbulence and visibility.

A

Clouds : Stratiform
Precipitation : Steady
Turbulence : Smooth
Visibility : Poor

31
Q

List the effects of unstable air on clouds, precipitation, turbulence and visibility.

A

Clouds : Cumuliform
Precipitation : Showery
Turbulence : Rough
Visibility : Good

32
Q

How do you determine the cloud bases?

A

((Temperature - Dewpoint) / 4) * 1000 = Base in AGL

33
Q

What is the average lapse rate of temperature?

A

2 degrees colder every 1,000’ of elevation.

34
Q

What conditions are necessary for structural icing?

A

Visible moisture and below freezing temperatures at the point moisture strikes the aircraft.

35
Q

What are the two main types of icing?

A

Structural and Induction.

36
Q

Name the four types of structural icing.

A
  1. Clear Ice - Forms when large drops strike the aircraft surface and slowly freeze.
  2. Rime Ice - Small drops strike the aircraft and freeze rapidly.
  3. Mixed Ice - Combination of clear and rime ice.
  4. Frost - Ice crystal deposits formed by sublimation when temperature and dewpoint are below freezing.
37
Q

What action should be performed if you encounter icing?

A

Change altitude or course to get out of the moisture.

38
Q

Is frost considered dangerous to flight?

A

Yes, it changes the roughness of the wings surface, spoiling the smooth airflow which results in a loss of lift.

39
Q

What must be present for a thunderstorm to form?

A
  1. A source of lift
  2. Unstable air
  3. High moisture content
40
Q

What are the 3 stages of a thunderstorm?

A
  1. Cumulus Stage - Updrafts cause raindrops to increase in size.
  2. Mature Stage - Rain and lightning
  3. Dissipating Stage - Downdrafts and rain begins to dissipate.
41
Q

What is a temperature inversion?

A

Temperature increases as altitude increases. A ground based inversion typically results in stable air with poor visibility.

42
Q

What are two ways fog can form?

A

Temperature and Dewpoint are equal.

Added moisture to the air.

43
Q

Name several types of fog.

A
  1. Radiation Fog
  2. Advection Fog
  3. Upslope Fog
  4. Precipitation-Induced Fog
44
Q

What causes radiation fog to form?

A

Usually occurring on calm, clear nights, the air close to the ground gets cooled to it’s dew point.

45
Q

What causes advection fog to form?

A

Warm, humid air flowing over cool surface usually by winds. Most often happens during winter on coastal areas.

46
Q

What is wind shear?

A

The rate of change in wind velocity (direction or speed) per unit distance. Usually expressed as vertical or horizontal wind shear. Most likely to occur with low-level temperature inversion, in a frontal zone or thunderstorm, and clear air turbulence at high levels associated with jet stream.

47
Q

How can you obtain a weather briefing??

A

You can call 1-800-WX-BRIEF. Tailored to your specific route and individually briefed from the FSS.

48
Q

What are some examples of other weather sources?

A
  1. Telephone Information Briefing Service (TIBS)
  2. Transcribed Weather Broadcasts (TWEB)
  3. Weather info from private industry sources.
  4. Direct User Access System (DUATS)
49
Q

What types of weather briefings are available from FSS?

A
  1. Standard Briefing
  2. Abbreviated Briefing
  3. Outlook Briefing
  4. Inflight Briefing
50
Q

Describe Standard Briefing.

A

Request when you are planning a flight and have not received a previous briefing.

51
Q

Describe Abbreviated Briefing.

A

When you need information to update a previous briefing.

52
Q

Describe Outlook Briefing.

A

When you need information for a flight departing 6 or more hours after your briefing.

53
Q

Describe Inflight Briefing.

A

When you need information to update a preflight briefing.

54
Q

What pertinent information should a briefing include?

A
  • Adverse Conditions
  • VFR Flight Not Recommended
  • Synopsis
  • Current Conditions
  • Enroute Forecast
  • Destination Forecast
  • Winds Aloft
  • Notices to Airmen (NOTAM’s)
  • ATC Delays
55
Q

What is HIWAS?

A

Hazardous In-Flight Weather Advisory Service is a continuous broadcast of in-flight weather advisories.

56
Q

What is a METAR?

A

Hourly surface observations at an airport.

57
Q

What are PIREPs?

A

These are pilot reports that contain concerning weather reported by pilots enroute.

58
Q

What are TAFs?

A

Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts is a statement of expected weather within a 5SM radius of an airport for 24 hours.

59
Q

What is an Aviation Area Forecast (FA)?

A

A forecast of visual conditions, clouds and general weather conditions over an area the size of several states. Issued 3 times a day.

60
Q

What is a SIGMET?

A

Advises of non convective weather that is potentially hazardous to all aircraft.

61
Q

What is an AIRMET?

A

Advisories of significant weather that describe conditions at intensities lower than a SIGMET. Intended for use in preflight and issued every 6 hours.

62
Q

Define IFR, MVFR and VFR.

A

IFR - Instrument Flight Rules : Ceilings less than 1,000 feet and/or visibility less than 3 SM.
MVFR - Marginal Visual Flight Rules : Ceilings 1,000 - 3,000 feet inclusive and/or visibility 3 - 5 SM inclusive.
VFR - Visual Flight Rules : Ceilings greater than 3,000 feet and/or visibility greater than 5 SM.

63
Q

What are the light gun signals in the air?

A
  • Flashing Green : Return for landing
  • Steady Green : Cleared to land
  • Steady Red : Give way to other aircraft and continue circling.
  • Flashing Red : Airport unsafe, do not land.
  • Alternating Red and Green : Exercise extreme caution
64
Q

What are the light gun signals on the ground? (14 CFR 91.125)

A
  • Flashing Green : Cleared to taxi
  • Steady Green : Cleared to takeoff
  • Steady Red : Stop
  • Flashing Red : Taxi clear of runway in use
  • Flashing White : Return to starting point on airport
  • Alternating Red and Green : Exercise Extreme Caution
65
Q

What are the VFR weather minimums of Class B?

A

3 SM visibility and clear of clouds.

66
Q

What are the VFR weather minimums of Class C?

A

3 SM visibility, 500 feet below, 1,000 feet above and 2,000 feet horizontal of clouds.

67
Q

What are the VFR weather minimums of Class D?

A

3 SM visibility, 500 feet below, 1,000 feet above and 2,000 feet horizontal of clouds.

68
Q

What are the VFR weather minimums of class E?

A
  • Less than 10,000’ MSL : 3 SM visibility, 500 feet below, 1,000 feet above and 2,000 feet horizontal of clouds.
  • At ore above 10,000’ MSL : 5 SM visibility, 1,000 feet below, 1,000 feet above and 1SM horizontal of clouds.
69
Q

What are the VFR weather minimums of class G?

A
  • 1,200’ or less above the surface during the day : 1 SM and clear of clouds.
  • 1,200’ or less above the surface during night : 3 SM visibility, 500 feet below, 1,000 feet above and 2,000 feet horizontal of clouds.
  • More than 1,200’ above surface but less than 10,000’ MSL during the day : 1 SM / 500 below / 1,000 above / 2,000 horizontal.
  • More than 1,200’ above surface but less than 10,000’ MSL during the night : 3 SM / 500 below / 1,000 above / 2,000 horizontal.
  • More than 1,200’ above surface and at or above 10,000’ MSL : 5 SM / 1,000/1,000/1SM

Private Pilot (12 decks)

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