Readings + Random Stuff for Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Who first described the interdependent processes of responding to stress?

A

Seyle - described as the general adaptation syndrome

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2
Q

What is expected calcaneus inversion and eversion?

A

5 degrees either direction

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3
Q

What still remains the backbone of clinical decision making?

A

good history taking

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4
Q

What are lacteals and what do they do?

A

part of GALT
lymphatic capillaries of the small bowel that help large chylomicrons get into the lymphatic system –> thoracic duct –> venous system

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5
Q

What does rotatores do?

A

bilateral: extends thoracic spine
unilateral: rotates thoracic spine to opposite side

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6
Q

What is progressive relaxation?

A

premise the muscle tension is closely related to anxiety
teach muscles to relax –> reduction in experienced anxiety
have pts maintain tension in one muscle grp for 10 sec –> then relax
keep going to diff muscle groups so pt knows what it feels like and can employ in their daily life

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7
Q

If a patient has an anterior fibular head, what coupled motion do they like?

A

APPS

Anterior fibular head likes pronation (opposite of elbow) = dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction/ER

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8
Q

What is assertiveness training?

A

teaching a patient to be more confident to effectively deal with excessive and unfair demands from bosses, spouse, etc

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9
Q

Who first described the type A personality?

what has it been linked to?

A

Friedman and Rosenman

linked to coronary artery disease (sounseling and education can lower risks)

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10
Q

What is spondylosis?

A

bony spurs/aging

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11
Q

What is spondylolisthesis?

A

slipping of one vertebra on another

can occur from spondylolysis

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12
Q

If a patient has diarrhea, SD at which level is most likely due to parasympathetic facilitation contributing to symptoms?

A

OA

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13
Q

What is the main risk of persistent insomnia?

A

not life threatening, but bad sleepers experience more somatic complaints, anxiety, depression, and have greater propensity for alcohol and other substance abuse

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14
Q

What type of questions are more likely to lead to patient-centered answers?

A

open-ended questions

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15
Q

When physicians collaborate with other physicians, what two factors can influence their decision making?

A

pre-discussed knowledge of the patient and problem

awareness of each other’s knowledge and talents

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16
Q

What does multifidus do?

A

bilateral: extends spine
unilateral: flexes spine to same side, rotates it to opposite side

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17
Q

What is the example listed that demonstrates the importance of spiritual support?

A

for patients undergoing elective open heart surgery, those experiencing strength or comfort from spiritual feelings are 3x more likely to survive than those without

18
Q

What are symptoms of disc herniation at L4-L5?

A

pain at sacroiliac joint, hip, lateral thigh, leg
numbness at lateral leg, first 3 toes (L5 distribution)
weakness in foot dorsiflexion, difficulty walking on heel

19
Q

What are the things included in the OMT of stress (11)?

A
OMT
cognitive behavioral counseling
Problem solving
patient education
assertiveness training
insomnia management
muscular relaxation
biofeedback
social support
spiritual support
group support
20
Q

What is hangman’s fracture?

A

fracture of the vertebral arch of C2

due to hyperextension of head on neck

21
Q

What does cognitive-behavioral counseling do?

A

identifies ways in which pts distort information and teaches pts to identify, evaluate, and respond to their dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs to change mood and behavior

22
Q

What are the 4 cervical vertebral lines visible on lateral view?

A

anterior vertebral line
posterior vertebral line
spinal laminar line
posterior spinous process line

23
Q

What is stress defined as?

A

condition experienced when the physical, mental, emotional, or social environment makes unwanted inescapable demands
person under stress responds as a unit

24
Q

What is the most common initial presentation of insomnia?

A

inability to remain asleep
soon followed by difficulty falling asleep
then by abnormal early morning awakening

25
Q

What are the advantages of a lateral C spine XR?

Indications?

A

easy to use on a backboard, can see a lot of vertebrae
emergent indications: trauma, MVA
office use indications: chronic neck or head pain despite conservative treatment, neurologic changes

26
Q

What viscerosomatic reflexes are influenced by the vagus N?

A

all the ones that don’t involve L2

27
Q

What are the 3 lumbar lines visible on lateral film?

A

anterior lumbar
posterior lumbar
spinous processes

28
Q

What 2 realities must a doc keep in mind when treating a stressed patient?

A
  1. Pt’s response to stress-inducing eventrs produces biopsychosocial consequences
  2. Pt’s long-term stress management style is an important factor determining health or disease and an area in which the doc must intervene for long-term adaptive change
29
Q

What are symptoms of disc herniation at L5/S1?

A

S1 distribution:
Pain: sacroiliac joint, hip, posterolateral thigh, leg to heel
numbness: back of calf, lateral heel, foot to toe
weakness: plantar flexion of foot and great toe
difficulty walking on toes
calf atrophy
achilles reflex diminished

30
Q

What does semispinalis do?

A

bilateral: extends thoracic and cervical spines and head
unilateral: bends head, cervical, and thoracic spines to same side, rotates to opposite side

31
Q

If a patient has a posterior fibular head, what coupled motion do they like?

A

APPS

Posterior fibular head likes supination (opposite of elbow) = plantarflexion, foot inversion, adduction/IR

32
Q

What does the osteopathic primary care treatment strategy include?

A
palpatory diagnosis
manipulative treatment
exercise, diet, smoking, alcohol, drug cessation
appropriate medication
coping strategy education
33
Q

What did Holmes and Rahe do in 1967?

A

verified the stress of adaptation by developing a scale and assigning points to 43 common life events to correlate with illness

34
Q

How long does insomnia last to become ingrained?

A

more than 3 weeks –> requires specific behavioral strategies to counteract

35
Q

What is Seyle’s general adaptation syndrome?

A

continually stressed –> 3 response stages:

  1. startle response and orientating reflex = adrenal, CV, respiratory, and MSK fxns increase
  2. Attempt to cope and problem-solve biologically, psychologically, and socially. Pt meets to resist the stressor –> if successful, mastery and learning occur, if failed, exhausted
  3. Exhaustion = dysfunctional signs and Sx you see clinically
36
Q

What is expected knee internal and external rotation?

A

10 degrees either direction

37
Q

What spinal level is involved with the pelvic splanchnic nerve?

A

L2

38
Q

What percentage of primary care somatic complaints are related to stress?
What percentage of the population is susceptible to ocute or chronic stress?

A

20-35%

33%

39
Q

what are the 4 most common behavioral consequences of stress?

A

depression
anxiety
substance abuse
insomnia

40
Q

What did the Holmes and Rahe 1967 Social Readjustment Scale demonstrate?

A

greater # of points a person scored over a 1 yr period = greater probability of illness occurring within next 2 years
Later research found that if the person perceived events as negative, the impact was more severe

41
Q

What is spondylolysis?

A

fracture of the pars interarticularis (scotty dog fracture)

42
Q

How do sleep habit strategies compare to sedatives?

A

as affective for acute treatment and more effective for long-term therapy