Readings + Random Stuff for Exam 2 Flashcards by Sophia Barber

Who first described the interdependent processes of responding to stress?

Seyle - described as the general adaptation syndrome

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What is expected calcaneus inversion and eversion?

5 degrees either direction

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What still remains the backbone of clinical decision making?

good history taking

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What are lacteals and what do they do?

part of GALT
lymphatic capillaries of the small bowel that help large chylomicrons get into the lymphatic system –> thoracic duct –> venous system

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What does rotatores do?

bilateral: extends thoracic spine
unilateral: rotates thoracic spine to opposite side

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What is progressive relaxation?

premise the muscle tension is closely related to anxiety
teach muscles to relax –> reduction in experienced anxiety
have pts maintain tension in one muscle grp for 10 sec –> then relax
keep going to diff muscle groups so pt knows what it feels like and can employ in their daily life

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If a patient has an anterior fibular head, what coupled motion do they like?

APPS

Anterior fibular head likes pronation (opposite of elbow) = dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction/ER

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What is assertiveness training?

teaching a patient to be more confident to effectively deal with excessive and unfair demands from bosses, spouse, etc

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Who first described the type A personality?

what has it been linked to?

Friedman and Rosenman

linked to coronary artery disease (sounseling and education can lower risks)

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What is spondylosis?

bony spurs/aging

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What is spondylolisthesis?

slipping of one vertebra on another

can occur from spondylolysis

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If a patient has diarrhea, SD at which level is most likely due to parasympathetic facilitation contributing to symptoms?

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What is the main risk of persistent insomnia?

not life threatening, but bad sleepers experience more somatic complaints, anxiety, depression, and have greater propensity for alcohol and other substance abuse

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What type of questions are more likely to lead to patient-centered answers?

open-ended questions

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When physicians collaborate with other physicians, what two factors can influence their decision making?

pre-discussed knowledge of the patient and problem

awareness of each other’s knowledge and talents

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What does multifidus do?

bilateral: extends spine
unilateral: flexes spine to same side, rotates it to opposite side

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What is the example listed that demonstrates the importance of spiritual support?

for patients undergoing elective open heart surgery, those experiencing strength or comfort from spiritual feelings are 3x more likely to survive than those without

What are symptoms of disc herniation at L4-L5?

pain at sacroiliac joint, hip, lateral thigh, leg
numbness at lateral leg, first 3 toes (L5 distribution)
weakness in foot dorsiflexion, difficulty walking on heel

What are the things included in the OMT of stress (11)?

OMT
cognitive behavioral counseling
Problem solving
patient education
assertiveness training
insomnia management
muscular relaxation
biofeedback
social support
spiritual support
group support

What is hangman’s fracture?

fracture of the vertebral arch of C2

due to hyperextension of head on neck

What does cognitive-behavioral counseling do?

identifies ways in which pts distort information and teaches pts to identify, evaluate, and respond to their dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs to change mood and behavior

What are the 4 cervical vertebral lines visible on lateral view?

anterior vertebral line
posterior vertebral line
spinal laminar line
posterior spinous process line

What is stress defined as?

condition experienced when the physical, mental, emotional, or social environment makes unwanted inescapable demands
person under stress responds as a unit

What is the most common initial presentation of insomnia?

inability to remain asleep
soon followed by difficulty falling asleep
then by abnormal early morning awakening

What are the advantages of a lateral C spine XR? | Indications?

easy to use on a backboard, can see a lot of vertebrae emergent indications: trauma, MVA office use indications: chronic neck or head pain despite conservative treatment, neurologic changes

What viscerosomatic reflexes are influenced by the vagus N?

all the ones that don't involve L2

What are the 3 lumbar lines visible on lateral film?

anterior lumbar posterior lumbar spinous processes

What 2 realities must a doc keep in mind when treating a stressed patient?

1. Pt's response to stress-inducing eventrs produces biopsychosocial consequences 2. Pt's long-term stress management style is an important factor determining health or disease and an area in which the doc must intervene for long-term adaptive change

What are symptoms of disc herniation at L5/S1?

S1 distribution: Pain: sacroiliac joint, hip, posterolateral thigh, leg to heel numbness: back of calf, lateral heel, foot to toe weakness: plantar flexion of foot and great toe difficulty walking on toes calf atrophy achilles reflex diminished

What does semispinalis do?

bilateral: extends thoracic and cervical spines and head unilateral: bends head, cervical, and thoracic spines to same side, rotates to opposite side

If a patient has a posterior fibular head, what coupled motion do they like?

APPS | Posterior fibular head likes supination (opposite of elbow) = plantarflexion, foot inversion, adduction/IR

What does the osteopathic primary care treatment strategy include?

``` palpatory diagnosis manipulative treatment exercise, diet, smoking, alcohol, drug cessation appropriate medication coping strategy education ```

What did Holmes and Rahe do in 1967?

verified the stress of adaptation by developing a scale and assigning points to 43 common life events to correlate with illness

How long does insomnia last to become ingrained?

more than 3 weeks --> requires specific behavioral strategies to counteract

What is Seyle's general adaptation syndrome?

continually stressed --> 3 response stages: 1. startle response and orientating reflex = adrenal, CV, respiratory, and MSK fxns increase 2. Attempt to cope and problem-solve biologically, psychologically, and socially. Pt meets to resist the stressor --> if successful, mastery and learning occur, if failed, exhausted 3. Exhaustion = dysfunctional signs and Sx you see clinically

What is expected knee internal and external rotation?

10 degrees either direction

What spinal level is involved with the pelvic splanchnic nerve?

What percentage of primary care somatic complaints are related to stress? What percentage of the population is susceptible to ocute or chronic stress?

20-35% 33%

what are the 4 most common behavioral consequences of stress?

depression anxiety substance abuse insomnia

What did the Holmes and Rahe 1967 Social Readjustment Scale demonstrate?

greater # of points a person scored over a 1 yr period = greater probability of illness occurring within next 2 years Later research found that if the person perceived events as negative, the impact was more severe

What is spondylolysis?

fracture of the pars interarticularis (scotty dog fracture)

How do sleep habit strategies compare to sedatives?

as affective for acute treatment and more effective for long-term therapy