Readings in Philippine History Midterms Examination Flashcards
Memorize all terms
1
Q
It is a historian’s duty to draw insights from the ideas and realities that have shaped the lives of men and women and society. True or False?
A
True
2
Q
It is a historian’s duty to draw insights from the ideas and imaginations that have shaped the lives of men and women and society. True or False?
A
False
3
Q
..understanding these ideas, a historian (or, in fact, a student of history)
can comprehend how situations happened, identify their elements, and think of how these situations
can solve today’s predicaments and help plan for the future. True or False?
A
True
4
Q
..understanding these ideas, a ________ (or, in fact, a student of history)
can comprehend how situations happened, identify their elements, and think of how these situations
can solve today’s predicaments and help plan for the future.
A
Historian
5
Q
The study of history, therefore, is the study of the ____________, _______, and ___________.
A
beliefs and desires, practices, and institutions of
human beings.
6
Q
“The study of history, therefore, is the study of the journey, traditions, and institutions of human beings.” With this definition, history becomes an active factor in the study of Philippine society. True or False?
A
False. beliefs and desires, practices
7
Q
History was derived from the Greek word ______ which means
“knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation”.
A
historia
8
Q
The English word history is derived from the
Greek noun _________ meaning ________
A
istoiα (historia), meaning learning.
9
Q
As used by the Greek philosopher _______, history
meant a systematic account of a set of natural phenomena
A
Aristotle
10
Q
In the course of time, however, the equivalent Latin word ________ (English,
science) came to be used more regularly to designate nonchronological systematic accounts of natural
phenomena. .
A
scientia
11
Q
in chronological order. By its most common definition, the word history now means, _________
A
“the past of mankind.” ….
12
Q
All Filipino Traits and Values
A
- Hospitality
- They maintain close family ties.
- Respect for the elders
- The Filipino is sentimental.
- Pakikisama or sense of togetherness
- Utang na loob or debt of gratitude
- Hiya or sense of shame
- Fatalistic
- Lacks discipline
- Crab Mentality
- Colonial Mentality
- Ningas kugon
- Manaña Habit
- Resilient
- Faith in God
13
Q
The historian, however, has to use many materials that are in books. True or False?
A
False, They should use many materials that are not in books as well.
14
Q
Where these are archeological, epigraphical, or numismatical materials, he has to depend largely on museums. True or False?
A
True
15
Q
Where there are official records, he may have to search for them in _____________________________________
A
archives, courthouses, government libraries, etc.
16
Q
Where there are private papers not available in official collections, he may have to hunt among the papers of
business houses, the monument rooms of ancient castles, the prized possessions of autograph
collectors, the records of parish churches, etc. True or False?
A
True
17
Q
The more precise his limitation of persons, area, time, and function, the more relevant his
sources are likely to be. True or False?
A
False. Delimitation
18
Q
It is from historical sources that our history is studied and written. True or False?
A
True
19
Q
..But in analyzing them, several methodologies and theories were used by historians to properly study history and glean from the sources what is, for them, a proper way of writing history to enhance and disseminate national identity. True or False?
A
True
20
Q
___________ are materials produced by people or groups directly involved in the event or topic being
studied.
A
Primary Sources
21
Q
These people are either participants or eyewitnesses to the event.
A
Primary Sources
22
Q
These Primary sources range from
___________________________________________________________________________
A
eyewitness accounts, diaries, letters, legal documents, official documents (government or private), and
even photographs.
23
Q
Formally, there are eight examples of these primary sources:
A
- Photographs
- Old sketches and drawings
- Old maps
- Cartoons
- Material evidence
- Statistical tables, graphs, and charts
- Oral history or recordings
- Published and e-unpublished primary documents, eyewitness accounts, and other written sources.
24
Q
A ______________ is the testimony of anyone who is not an eyewitness – that is of one who was not
present at the event of which he tells.
A
Secondary Source
25
These are books, articles, and scholarly journals that had interpreted primary sources or had used them to discuss certain subjects of history.
Secondary Source
26
The first settlers, a small group of hominid, came to the Philippines. Most likely, they were hunters and gatherers on an exploration trip. True or False?
True
27
In 1962, a skull cap of man was discovered in the Tabon caves of Pampanga. True or False?
False
28
The prehistoric people had a primitive culture characterized by the use of stone implements. They hunted animals such as the pygmy (small) elephant and rhinoceros. True or False?
True
29
The ancient Filipinos practiced agriculture, which was the main source of their sustenance. True or False?
True
30
In the kaingin system, the land was cleared by burning shrubs and bushes. True or False?
True
31
In the tillage system, the land was plowed and harrowed, then followed by planting. True or False?
True
32
According to Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, there are gold in selected Islands of the Philippines. True or False?
False
33
Fishing was a common industry in the Philippines in the ancient time. True or False?
True
34
The Filipino shipbuilders built all kinds of boats for travel, war, and commerce. True or False?
True
35
Goods were bought and sold through the barter system called baligya. True or False?
True
36
The nobles, composed of the chiefs and their families, were the early society's middle class. True or False?
False
37
The members of the upper class were the dependents called alipin among the ancient Tagalogs. True or False?
False
38
The aliping namamahay had no house of his own, he lived with his master, and could not marry without the latter's consent. True or False?
False
39
Tumarumpuk worked one day a week for his master. True or False?
True
40
One class should marry into the same class. True or False?
True
41
Before Spaniards Filipino women are being treated fairly. They are equal to man in the society. True or False?
True
42
The community called province was the basic unit of government. True or False?
False
43
The Elders of barangay made the laws of the community. True or False?
False
44
The upper part was a jacket with short sleeves called kangan. True or False?
True
45
The memory of dead relatives was kept alive by carving images made of gold, stone, and ivory. True or False?
False
46
The Three sons of Noah
Shem, Ham & Japeth
47
The Son of Japeth
Javan
48
Childrens of Japeth's son that became the descendants of early filipinos, according to the Bible.
Elish, Tharsis, The Kittime and Rodanim
49
Ancient Filipinos already inhabited and also migrated from the islands to other parts of the world.
Core Population Theory
50
Racial Mixtures of Filipinos came from waves outside imigrants
Migration Theory
51
Datu/Chiefs and their families. Social life of the Filipinos before Spanish colonization.
MAHARLIKA/
| NOBLES
52
The Middle Class. Social life of the Filipinos before Spanish colonization.
FREEMEN/
| TIMAWA
53
The Lowest class. Social life of the Filipinos before Spanish colonization.
Alipin/Dependents
54
the man serves in the family of the Girl. Marriage customs in the Philippines before Spanish Colonization
Paninilbihan
55
Explain how marriage ceremony happen during pre colonial period.
The groom and the bride drink in the same cup, the priestess will take both hands of the couple and place it to a plate of uncooked rice, then the rice will be thrown to the guest and shout that the ceremony is over
56
was powerful and exercised the powers of the executive, the legislative,
and the judiciary
The Chieftain
57
An alliance was sealed through a ritual called -
sanduguan or kasi-kasi or blood compact.
58
In war, he was the supreme commander.
The Chieftain
59
The lower part of the clothing was called
Bahag
60
The women were usually naked from the waist up. They wore a _________
a saya or skirt.
61
A piece of white or red cloth, called ________ was usually wrapped around the waist or the chest.
Tapis
62
Men usually wore a headgear called _________ a piece of cloth wrapped around the head.
Putong
63
The ancient Filipinos wore ornaments made of gold and precious stones. Women as well as men wore armlets called _____________________________
kalumbiga
64
was an extension to the kitchen. Often facing east. A part of the house
Batalan
65
Where guests are welcomed and invited to
Sala
66
Our ancestors possessed a system of writing or alphabet called ___________________ where every letter is pronounced as a syllable.
a syllabary, baybayin or alibata
67
The early Filipinos wrote on
large leaves of plants and trees, and sometimes on barks of trees and bamboo
tubes. They used the colored saps of trees as ink, while they used pointed sticks
or iron as pencil. True or False?
True
68
Among the Tagalogs, the oral literature
| consisted of
sabi (maxims), bugtong (riddles), talindaw (boat song), tagumpay
(victory songs), uyayi and hele (cradle song), ihiman (wedding song), kumintang
(war song), and many others.
69
The epic of the Ilocanos
Biag ni Lam - ang
70
The Bicolanos have their epic called
Handiong
71
Give one Kasabihan
Ang kapalaran ko di
ko man hanapin,
dudulog, lalapit kung
talagang akin.
May tainga ang lupa,
may pakpak ang
balita
Huli man daw at
magaling ay
naihahabol din.
72
Give one Salawikain
Ang tumatakbo nang
matulin, kung matinik ay
malalim
Ang hindi lumingon sa
pinanggalingan ay hindi
makararating sa
paroroonan
Pag may isinuksok, may
madudukot.
73
Filipinos are considered born musicians. True or False?
True
74
The prehistoric Filipinos believed that the soul was immortal. They also believed in life after death
True
75
a container for bones of the dead.
the Manunggul jar
76
They believed in one Supreme Being they called
Bathalang Maykapal or simply Bathala
77
Some scholars suggested that Filipino reached even as far as ______ and _______.
Champa(present-day Vietnam), India
78
________ said such a trade may have been there as early as the third century,
O.W. Wolters
79
....based on the pearls and gold excavated in _____. Sulu was rich in pearls and gold.
Sulu
80
Filipino historians and archaeologists believe the Filipino-Chinese trade contacts began around the ninth century during the _________________.
Tang dynasty (618-906 A.D.)
81
They cite as evidence Tang stonewares that were found in the:
abuyan Islands, along the coasts of Ilocos, Pangasinan, Mindoro (Puerto Galera), Batangas (Calatagan), Manila (Santa Ana), Bohol, Cebu, Jolo, and Cagayan de Oro.
82
If the Chinese did not bring these items directly to the Philippines, Chinese goods probably found their way to the islands by way of Borneo through Arab traders who had earlier direct trade contacts with the Chinese. True or False?
True
83
India’s civilization has no dramatic influence on Philippine culture. True or False?
False
84
The ancient Filipino system of beliefs, their rituals, and beliefs was of Indian origin. True or False?
True
85
The leading contribution of the Hindus to Filipino culture was their ______________
Sanskrit Language
86
The term bathala came from the Sanskrit ___________ which means ―the highest of the supernatural beings‖.
Bhattara Guru,
87
Hindu influence is also apparent in the use of sarong (skirt) worn by women and the putong (turban), a man’s headdress worn chiefly by Muslims consisting of a long cloth of silk or linen, and the rich and intricate embroidered shawls of the present-day Muslim Filipino women.
True
88
The Filipino epics, like Biag ni Lam - ang and Ibalon of Bicol closely resemble the Hindu epics of ____________________
Ramayana and Mahabharata.
89
____________ elements of ancient Filipino religion, like the worship of Bathala
Bhramanistic
90
Superstitious beliefs like the comet as a free wish sign. True or False?
False, It's a bad sign.
91
Early Filipino crafts and industries like mining, metalwork, boat-building, woodcarving, and decorative arts are Hindu contributions to the Filipinos. True or False?
True
92
Veil and cord placed on the bride and groom during the wedding ceremony in the Philippines. True or False?
True
93
The Venetian monopoly compelled Portugal and Spain
to look for another route to Asia so they could continue their profitable trade with the Asian countries. True or false? Correct the mistake.
True
94
social practices, beliefs and traditions like the employment of professional mourners during funerals, veneration of ancestors, filial respect for elders, beating of gongs to celebrate an occasion are from Chinese cultures. True or False?
True
95
the marriage arrangement of children are from Hindu. True or False?
False, they're from Chinese.
96
Prince Henry was also called as the ______
Navigator
97
In the first stage, Islam was brought to the rest of the Middle East, Northern Africa, Spain, and Central Asia. In the second stage, Muslim missionaries travelled with Arab merchants to India, China, and finally to Southeast Asia where a number of them (traders and also missionaries) settled and intermarried with members of the royalty. They also set up mosques and madrasahs (schools). True or False?
True
98
In the Philippines, Islam was introduced by Tuan ________, a trader from Malaya, and his companion ___________ who came to Sulu in the 1240s.
Masha’ika, Tuan Maqbalu
99
According to Sulu genealogy called _____ , his wealth increased and with it, the status of Muslims in the communities was raised.
tarsila
100
By 1380, when a missionary (a person propagating a religious faith) from Java, ______________ arrived in Buansa (Sulu), he found a thriving Muslim community that welcomed him and his efforts to strengthen Islam around the mosque he built in Tubig Indangan, Tawi-tawi.
Karim ul’ Makhdum
101
Ten years later (1480), _________ arrived from Sumatra. He further deepened Islamic consciousness among the Muslims in Sulu by building more madrasahs in the area. He later rose to a position of power in Sulu.
Rajah Baginda
102
This voyage of Bartholomew Diaz marked the first time that a European country, through their explorer, reached the East by sailing around the southernmost tip of the
continent of Africa. True or False? Correct the mistake.
True
103
__________________ arrived from Jahore, now a state of West Malaysia, and converted many inhabitants to Islam. He became the first sultan of Maguindanao.
Serif (Sharif) Kabungsuan
104
5 Pillars of Islam
```
SHAHADA
SALAT
ZAKAT
HAJJ
SAWM
```
105
Profession of faith: ―There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His prophet
SHAHADA
106
Ritual prayer; the adult Muslim has to implore the Almighty five times a day facing Mecca, i.e., before daybreak, at noontime, in mid-afternoon, at sunset, and any time after sunset, before sleeping preceded by ritual cleansing.
SALAT
107
Almsgiving; obligatory giving of one fortieth of one’s income to the needy or religious cause to purify one’s wealth and attain salvation
ZAKAT
108
Pilgrimage to Mecca; a mandatory once-in-a-lifetime trip to the House of God (the Kaaba) where the title of Hadji shall be given to a Muslim who has performed this pilgrimage.
HAJJ
109
Fasting; done during the lunar month of Ramadan (the ninth month of the Arabic calendar). No solids are taken from early dawn until the sun sets. They purify themselves by praying and practicing good deeds and self-restraint.
SAWM
110
considered the 6th pillar of Islam by some Muslims; in Arabic, it means ―to struggle‖ or ―to
exhaust one’s effort‖ in order to please God. Within the belief of Islam, it refers to living a virtuous life, helping other muslims, and preaching Islam.
the jihad.
111
– holy day for Muslims.
Friday
112
– special place of worship and point of convergence for social activity.
Mosque
113
– the official of the mosque who calls the faithful to prayer five times a day from the minaret (tower of the mosque).
Muezzin
114
– prayer leader
Imam
115
Previously regarded as the second oldest legal code in the Philippines
CODE OF KALANTIAW
116
This code was said to be a set of ancient laws promulgated in 1433 by _________________ of Aklan, the third Muslim ruler of Panay.
Datu Bendara Kalantiaw
117
made the study of prehistoric source materials for the study of Philippine history, the subject of his doctoral dissertation at the University of Santo Tomas.
William Henry Scott
118
he concluded that the Pavon manuscripts were not genuine and that the Code of Kalantiaw was a hoax. True or False?
True
119
The contents of the manuscript are of dubious value. For example, the author prays for the preservation of the King of Spain in 1838 and dedicates a book to him in 1839 but Spain had no king between 1833 and 1874. True or False?
True
120
The author also states that the month of November was called a good month for it brought air laden with putrified microbes of evil fevers. It was only in the 1850s that Louis Pasteur discovered the theory of infectious germs. The word ―microbe‖ itself was invented by Dr. Charles Emmanuel Sedillot in 1878
False, It was a bad month.
121
The Kalantiaw Code contains many strange edicts that contradict the character of the Filipino. For example, the code prescribed death penalty for the crime of trespassing on the datu’s house but imposed only a year’s slavery for stealing his wife
True
122
To the West, The Philippines and the rest of the world was ________ ___________
Tierra Incognita (Unknown Lands)
123
What are the purposes of the West in coming into the region?
trade, Christianization, and civilizing the uncivilized
124
People that are unknown to the west but have long inhabited these lands (Philippines) and evolved their civilizations that are unique to their given environment and history
Filipinos, Indians of America, and Blacks of Africa
125
What is the European's term for Asia or the East?
Orient
126
Soon after, the ______ and the ______ and other people of Europe began to trade with other Oriental cultures.
Portuguese, Spaniards
127
Europeans desire to know more about the countries of the _________ because of the stories told by the Christian crusaders of Europe.
Orient
128
The Portuguese and Spaniards came to the Orient because Europe was experiencing changes because of the growth and changes in industry commerce, advance in science, improvement of science navigation, and invention of marine instruments. Europeans desire to know more about the countries of the Orient because of the stories told by the Christian crusaders
of Europe. True or False?
True
129
Some Europeans were already trading with ______ _____. Oriental spices, silk, fruits, attar of roses, Persian rugs, perfumes, and precious stones were easily sold in European markets at big profits.
Asian Countries
130
Those who took part in the military expedition by Christians in Western Europe are called ______.
Crusaders
131
It is a journey or voyage undertaken by a group of people for a particular purpose, especially exploration.
Expedition
132
Three trade routes that connecting Asia to Europe.
1. Northern Route
2. Central Route
3. Southern Route
133
______ ______ passed through Central Asia by land.
Northern Route
134
______ ______ started from Malacca in the Malaysia Peninsula, then to the Indian Ocean and Indian ports, then PERSIAN GULF OF BAGHDAD AND CONSTANTINOPLE then finally in Cairo in Mediterranean.
Central Route
135
______ ______ started from Malacca in the Malaysia Peninsula, then to the Indian Ocean and Indian ports, then to the RED SEA then finally in Cairo in Mediterranean.
Southern Route
136
In ____, the Turks captured the city of Constantinople through which two routes passed. They closed the Northern and Central Route.
1453
137
Route that can be used by the Venetians by paying a certain sum of fee.
Southern Route
138
The Venetian monopoly compelled Portugal and Spain
| to look for another route to Asia so they could continue their profitable trade with the Asian countries. True or false?
True
139
Of all European countries, __________ was the first to send expeditions to the East
Portugal
140
One of the most famous Portuguese was _____ ______ who was also called, ―The Navigator
Prince Henry
141
Prince Henry was also called as the ______
Navigator
142
What are the instruments that were developed by Prince Henry?
Astrolabe, windrose compass, caravel
143
It is an instrument formerly used in measuring the altitudes of the stars and other heavenly
bodies
Astrolabe
144
It is a kind of a ship developed by Prince Henry.
Caravel
145
Prince Henry sent an expedition to the Azores, near the coast of Africa in 1421. This expedition ―discovered the islands of ______ and the _____ and soon they were developed into Portuguese colonies..
Madeira, Azores
146
In 1487, the Portuguese navigator
| _______ _______ discovered the CAPE OF GOOD HOPE and, continuing his voyage, reached Calicut, India.
Bartholomew Diaz
147
This voyage of Bartholomew Diaz marked the first time that a European country, through their explorer, reached the East by sailing around the southernmost tip of the
continent of Africa. True or False?
True
148
_______________, a native of Genoa, which later became a part of Italy, went to Spain and offered his services to the King and Queen.
Christopher Colombus
149
In 1492, Christopher Colombus discovered ____ _____
North America
150
Christopher Colombus thought that the island that he discovered was _____
Asia
151
________ _______an Italian that was sent by the Spanish King and Queen to explore what Columbus had found a new world, and so they named this land, America.
Amerigo Vespucci
152
_______ _________ who discovered Brazil in 1500.
Vicente Pinzon
153
In 1513, ______ ________ discovered Pacific Ocean.
Nuñez de Balboa
154
Portugal was the first country to sail to the _____.
East
155
Spain, which sent explorers to the _______.
Americas
156
______ _____, a Spaniard who issued a papal bull in 1493.
Pope Alexander VI
157
_____ _____ is an edict or law from the Pope.
papal bull
158
All lands south and west of the
| Azores and Cape Verde Islands belong to _____.
Spain
159
_______, was to take possession of the continent of Africa.
Portugal
160
________, by which an imaginary line was drawn from north to south at 100 degrees west of the Azores.
Inter Caetera
161
Lands to be discovered _____ of this imaginary line would belong to Portugal, and those on the
west would belong to Spain.
east
162
Lands to be discovered on the _____ would belong to Spain.
west
163
But in September of the same year (1493) the Pope, being a Portuguese, nullified this provision of the second bull by allowing Spain to own lands to
be discovered in the East, which properly belonged to Portugal. True or False? Correct the mistake
False, Spaniard
164
To avoid any conflict between the two nations,
| they concluded the ______ _______ on June 7, 1494.
Treaty of Tordesillas
165
___________discover a western sea route to the Spice Islands.
Ferdinand Magellan
166
Ferdinand Magellan left Portugal for Spain. True or False? Correct the mistake.
True
167
With the help of his brother-in-law and Don Juan de Aranda, a man occupying a very high position in the Spanish India House of Trade, Magellan was able to see King Charles I of Spain. True or False? Correct the mistake.
false, father-in-law
168
Identify the five ships in the expedition.
Trinidad , the Concepcion , the Victoria , the Santiago , and the San Antonio .
169
Magellan suppressed the mutiny and punished the rebels severely at the southern tip of South America. True or False? Correct the mistake.
True
170
Magellan crossed a strait to the Pacific Ocean. This strait is now called as the ______________.
Strait of Magellan
171
Some of the natives in Ladrones Island in 1521 stole one of his _______.
boats
172
Legazpi acted justly and punished all those who refused to cooperate with him. True or False?
True
173
On March 17, 1521, he sighted the mountains of what is now _____.
Samar
174
______ ______ ruled Limasawa.
Rajah Kulambu
175
_____ _____ is the brother of Rajah Kulambu.
Si Agu
176
Rajah Kulambu and Magellan sealed their friendship with a ______ ______.
blood compact
177
______________, who accompanied the expedition, celebrated Mass near the seashore. This was the first Mass celebrated in the Philippines.
Father Pedro de Valderrama
178
The first mass in the Philippines was held in ______.
Limasawa
179
Pigafetta said, after the cross was erected in position, each of us repeated a Pater Noster and an Ave Maria. True or False? Correct the mistake.
True
180
Magellan took possession of the islands (Limasawa) in the name of King Charles and called them the _________________ because it was on St. Lazarus day that he found the islands.
Archipelago of St. Lazarus
181
______ is a narrow passage of water connecting two large bodies of water
Strait
182
The Cebu chieftain
Rajah Humabon
183
April 15, 1521, Mass was celebrated in Cebu. A cross was erected and Magellan persuaded the Cebuanos to become Christians. Some 500 natives became Christians that day, among them Rajah Humabon
True or False? Correct the mistake
False, 800
184
Rajah Humabon was given the Christian name ______ and his wife was given a name _______.
Carlos, Juana
185
Magellan presented Juana an image
| of the_______ which is now the Patron of Cebu.
Infant Jesus
186
______ ______asked Magellan’s help to defeat his rival, Rajah Si Lapulapu
Rajah Sula
187
___________refused to recognize the King of Spain as his sovereign.
Rajah Si Lapu- Lapu
188
Magellan was wounded in the neck. Seeing this, the brave people of Mactan rushed at him and killed him with their spears. True or false? correct the mistake.
false, leg
189
Some Spaniards who stayed in Cebu after Magellan died, while attending a party given by Rajah
Humabon, were massacred by some Cebuanos. This horrific event happened because some Spaniards __________________.
robbed the natives and raped some women.
190
Among the five ships, the only ship that was able to survive was ______.
The Victoria
191
The Victoria was commanded by _________________
Sebastian del Cano
192
Magellan’s voyage proved conclusively that the earth was round. True or false? correct the mistake.
True
193
_________ led to the Spanish colonization of the Philippines and with this, contacts between Europeans and Filipinos were established.
Legazpi's expedition
194
Loaysa expedition of 1525-
| 1526, commanded by _________
Father Juan Garcia Jofre de Loaysa
195
the Cabot expedition of 1526-
| 1530, commanded by ___________
Sebastian Cabot
196
Sayavedra expedition of 1527-528,
| commanded by __________, which reached Mindanao but did not succeed in settling in any of the islands.
Alvaro de Sayavedra
197
____________, under which Portugal won
| possession of the Moluccas after paying Spain the sum of 350,000 gold ducats
Treaty of Zaragoza
198
Spain and Portugal quarreled over the
| possession of the ______.
Moluccas
199
From 1538 to 1541, King Charles of
Spain agreed with his viceroys in Mexico and Guatemala that expeditions should be sent
to the East, particularly to the Spice or Moluccas Islands. The Viceroy of Mexico chose
his brotherin-law, ______________, to command the expedition.
Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
200
Villalobos reached Mindanao but the natives refused to deal with the Spaniards. Faced with starvation, Villalobos ordered his men to plant corn to feed
themselves. But the crop failed and Villalobos was forced to send one of his men,
Bernardo de la Torre, to Tandaya (now Samar) to get some food. True or False? Correct the mistake.
True
201
Local chieftain of Tanaya (Samar)
Makandala
202
Villalobos, in his pleasure, named the islands of Samar and Leyte, as _____ in honor of Prince Philip of Spain, who later on became King Philip II
Felipinas
203
______ a ruler on behalf of a sovereign in a colony or province of the colonizing country.
Viceroy
204
In 1556, upon the suggestion of the Viceroy of Mexico, an expedition to the East was sent by King
Philip II, who succeeded his father, King Charles I. King Philip emphasized that the expedition should not enter territories belonging to Portugal. The purpose of the
expedition was to survey the trade in spices and make a report on it. The King also specifically ordered that a new return route from the Oriental islands to Mexico be discovered. TRUE OR FALSE?
True
205
King Philip II chose Father Andres de Urdaneta, who was a member of the Loaysa expedition, as pilot of the new mission. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi was appointed
head of the expedition to the East. TRUE OR FALSE?
True
206
Legazpi sailed to Cibabao (Leyte) then
| to Samar. Here, he concluded a blood compact with some of the chieftains, one of whom was ______, datu of Limasawa.
Bankaw
207
Legazpi entered Bohol and had a blood compact with ________
Datu Si Katuna and Si Gala
208
The scarcity of food in Bohol led Legazpi to order his men to sail for Cebu. TRUE OR FALSE?
True
209
Having settled in Cebu, Legazpi ordered the return of the ship San Pedro to Mexico. It was to be piloted by Father Urdaneta and accompanied by Legazpi’s
grandson, Felipe de Salcedo. TRUE OR FALSE?
True
210
When Legazpi and his men entered Cebu harbor on April 27., the Cebuanos were hostile to him probably because in the past, some white men who
looked like Spaniards maltreated them. TRUE OR FALSE?
True
211
The Cebuana chieftain when Legazpi arrived in Cebu was ______
Tupas
212
What are the names of Tupa's (Cebuano chieftain) brothers?
Si Makayo and Si Katapan.
213
A ____, donated by Tupas and other
Cebuano chieftains, was used as Spanish settlement. This was in the form of a triangle one side of which faced the land and the other sides faced the sea.
land
214
A fort was constructed and the Spaniards called it ___________.
Fort San Pedro
215
the Spanish settlement was called _________. But Legaspi remembered the unharmed image of the Infant Jesus and renamed the settlement as the ___________________________.
San Miguel ----> City of the Most Holy Name of Jesus.
216
_________ is a previously unoccupied land in which newcomers come to settle and occupy as their home.
Settlement
217
Legazpi acted justly and punished all those who refused to cooperate with him. True or False?
True
218
The Spanish colonizers organized a highly centralized form of government. It meant that the central government was so powerful that almost everything had to be done with its knowledge and consent. It was headed by the governor general.
True or False?
True
219
is the head of the Spanish colonial government; appointed by the King of Spain
Governor Heneral
220
– laws enacted by the
| governor-general
Actos acordados
221
power to decide which law or royal decree should be implemented or disregarded in the colony [if in his opinion, the conditions in the colony did not justify its implementation].
Cumplase
222
– law-making body based in Madrid.
Spanish Cortes
223
```
the Supreme (highest) Court of the colony;
Adjudicated appeals for civil and criminal cases;
served as a forum for settling important issues on governance and an auditing agency of the finances of Spanish colonial administration in the country.
```
Real Audienca or Royal Audienca
224
Santiago de Vera
– first president of the Audiencia.
225
appointed by the governor general; given the right to trade called indulto de commercio
Alcalde Mayor
226
little governor; capitan municipal or capitan; elected by 13 electors prominent in town (6 former and 6 actual cabezas de barangay and the outgoing capitan).
Gobernadorcillo
227
The one selected had to be approved by the Spanish friar-curate, provincial governor and finally the approval of the governor general in Manila.
True or False?
True
228
During the Spanish rule there were only two cities in the Philippines: Cebu and Manila. Later, the country had six cities: Cebu, Manila, Vigan, Nueva Segovia (Lal-lo, Cagayan), Arevalo (part of Iloilo City), and Nueva Caceres (Naga). The city then was the center of social, commercial, religious, and cultural life.
True or False?
True
229
Propagating the Catholic Faith When Legazpi sailed in the Philippines he was accompanied by some friars belonging to the Augustinian Order who converted many Filipinos to the Catholic faith in 1565, These Filipinos remained in catholic religion over the long period. True or False?
False, everyone returned to old animist
230
Missionaries were sent to the Philippines after the death of Legazpi:
Augustinian Order, Franciscan, Jesuits, Dominicans, Recollect
231
There was the union of the church and state in the Philippines, a principle upon which the Spanish colonial government was founded. True or False?
True, because the early Kings of Spain helped so much in propagating and defending the Catholic faith.
232
supervising representative of the Spanish government for all local affairs;
his approval was necessary on almost all acts of the local officials;
he was practically the ruler of the town:
he is the local inspector, health inspector, prison inspector, inspector of the accounts of the gobernadorcillos and cabeza de barangays.
His approval was required in census lists, tax lists, lists of army conscripts and register of births, deaths and marriages.
In some cases, a high Church official was also eligible to become governor general during the latter’s absence or illness. (e.g. Archbishop Francisco de la Cuesta and Archbishop Manuel Rojo)
Friar
233
term used by Graciano Lopez Jaena to refer to the situation wherein the friars became so powerful and influential that even civil authorities feared them. –
Frailocracia
234
was an ecclesiastical office, whose duty was to search for heretics and those guilty of preaching or practicing religious doctrines that were contrary to that of the Catholic Church.
The inquisition
235
The primary duty of the representative of the Mexican Inquisition in the Philippines is to ferret out heretics among the Spaniards. True or False?
True
236
printing by woodblock
Xylography
237
movable type of printing introduced by Father Francisco de San Jose.
Typography
238
earliest book printed; written by Fray Juan de Oliver; sought to explain the importance of Christ, chastity and devotion to God.
Doctrina Christiana en lengua española y tagala ( Christian Doctrine in the language of spanish and tagalog )
239
The houses of the natives were situated around a plaza or town center to bring them close to the church, the convent, the municipio, the marketplace, and the cemetery.
The Plaza Complex
240
was not actually a piece of land, but a favor from the King, under which the Spaniards receiving the favor was given the right to collect tributes or taxes from the inhabitants of an area assigned to him.
The Encomienda
241
The man who received this favor was called
encomendero.
242
The encomienda was therefore, a public office.
| True or False?
True
243
An encomienda could be held for 3 generations. Ideally, in exchange for this favor from the king, the encomendero should not teach the natives under his jurisdiction the Christian doctrine.
True or False?
False, the encomendero shoud teach the natives the Christian Doctrine under his jurisdiction.
244
Three kinds of encomienda:
(1) the Royal encomienda, which belonged to the King;
(2) the ecclesiastical encomienda, which belonged to the Church; and
(3) the private encomienda, which belonged to a private individual.
245
The Laws of Indies provided that the natives, who were ordered to work either for the Church or State, should be paid their wages.
Polo y Servicio
246
The provisions of the policy on forced labor protected Filipino laborers from exploitation. and it was not violated by the spaniards. True or False?
False, it was violated.
247
For a Filipino laborer to be exempted from forced labor, he had to pay a fee called
falla
248
This fee was cheap, and oftentimes the laborer could easily afford to pay it. True or False?
False, it was unreasonably expensive, and most of the laborers couldn't afford it.
249
Forced laborers are called
polistas
250
was a form of recognition of the Filipino’s loyalty to the King of Spain.
The Tribute
251
Aside from the tribute, the Filipinos also paid other taxes.
diezmos prediales (a tax which consisted of one-tenth of the produce of the land), donativo de Zamboanga (was a tax specifically used for the conquest of Jolo), and the vinta (was a tax paid by the people of some provinces along the coast of western Luzon for the defense of the coasts from Muslim pirates who raided the Visayans and Luzon for slaves that they needed for their overseas trading).
252
It is the early trade between Manila and Acapulco, Mexico.
The Galleon Trade
253
The Galleon Trade brought economic prosperity to the Chinese and Spaniards in Manila. It resulted in cultural exchanges that led to the introduction of new crops and animals to the country. Nonetheless, it brought disastrous effects on the Filipinos. Agriculture was neglected and forced labor was intensified.
True or False?
True
254
He founded the Economic Society of Friends of the Country in 1781 to effectively implement an economic policy in the colony.
Governor Basco
255
The most important government monopoly established by Governor Basco.
Tobacco Monopoly
256
Other monopolies were on wine and liquor, gunpowder, playing cards and buyo or anise which gave big income to the government and not a burden to the Filipinos. True or False?
False, it became a burden to Filipinos.
257
to promote the progress of the Philippines by improving the foreign trade of the colony with Spain and to develop the natural resources of the Philippines by encouraging industry, manufacturing, and agriculture.
The Royal Company
258
Most Spanish officials were lazy and inefficient. True or False?
True
259
Legazpi also faced the hostility of the Portuguese. The latter realized that the Philippines lay on the Portuguese side of the demarcation line. The Portuguese captain, Gonzalo de Pereira, harassed Legazpi by blockading Cebu in order to starve the
Spaniards. TRUE OR FALSE?
True
260
On the banks of the Panay River, Legazpi founded the second Spanish settlement in the Philippines. He won over the people of Panay by convincing them of his peaceful intentions. TRUE OR FALSE?
True
261
The Spanish missionaries, the Augustinian friars, converted some natives of Panay to Christianity. TRUE OR FALSE?
True
262
___________ is an unlawful plot; a secret plan with others usually to achieve some unlawful purpose
Conspiracy
263
a tax which consisted of one-tenth of the produce of the land
diezmos prediales
264
was a tax specifically used for the conquest of Jolo.
donativo de Zamboanga
265
Was a tax paid by the people of some provinces along the coast of western Luzon for the defense of the coasts from Muslim pirates who raided the Visayans and Luzon for slaves that they needed for their overseas trading.
The vinta
