Readings and key concepts

Question 1

Who wrote this? What is the title?

Nature as ecosystems, humans as citizens of nature. Land ethic

Answer 1

The Land Ethic, Aldo Leopold.

Question 2

What is Brundtland’s definition of sustainable development? (1987)

Answer 2

meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Question 3

What is John Ehrenfeld’s sustainability definition?

Answer 3

The possibility that human and other forms of life will flourish forever.

Question 4

What is the definition of ecology?

Answer 4

Interaction between organisms and the environment

Question 5

Natural selection:

a) progress may happen between species by natural selection (T/F)
b) There is a ranking of species in evolutionary theory (T/F)

Answer 5

a) False: within species

b) False: no ranking

Question 6

what is the unit of evolution and extinction

Answer 6

population

Question 7

Natural selection acts on ___ within populations

Answer 7

individuals

Question 8

Who am I?

Careful use of natural resources. Allows humans to interact with nature in a responsible way

Answer 8

Conservation

Question 9

Who am I?

Setting aside land for nature

Answer 9

Preservation

Question 10

Explain the 3 spheres model

Answer 10

The natural world sets the limits for sustainable development. There a 3 spheres to sustainability: Environmental, social, and economic.
Environmental-economic: green taxes
Economic-social: fair trade
Social-environmental: Environmental justice

Question 11

Give the definition for ecosystem

Answer 11

biological community and its interactions with the abiotic world

Question 12

What is the definition for community?

Answer 12

Group of population of different species living in the same area

Question 13

What is the definition for population

Answer 13

Group of individuals of the same species living in the same area

Question 14

What is the definition for organismal ecology?

Answer 14

How individual organisms meet the challenges of the environment

Question 15

Explain

a) reductionism
b) holistic

Answer 15

a) seeking answers lower in the hierarchy

b) seeking answers at the same or higher level

Question 16

Is there progress in evolution?

Answer 16

Only in the narrow sense of creating adaptations within species.

Question 17

What is the definition of

a) anthropocentric ethics?
b) biocentric ethics
c) populo-centric ethics
d) ecocentric ethics

Answer 17

a) Judge Human activities in relation to their effects on other humans now & in the future
b) Extend our ethics to individuals of other species
c) All individuals die, populations persist. Extend our ethics from individuals of other species to populations
d) Extend our ethics to ecosystems

Question 18

Name differences in western and indigenous ethics

Answer 18

Indigenous give thanks, kinship, reciprocity, spirituality.

Education isn’t everything

Question 19

More ___ populations are more likely to go extinct

Answer 19

variable

Question 20

T/F: All species eventually go extinct

Answer 20

False: all populations

Question 21

What is the rescue effect?

Answer 21

Movement of individuals between sub-populations of a metapopulation decreases the chances of extinction
Sources stabilize sinks and sources

Question 22

What are the 4 components of BIDE

Answer 22

(Births + immigrations) - (Deaths + Emigration)

Question 23

What is Sustainability I?

Answer 23

Take the interest, leave the capital to harvest sustainably