10. Applied spatial biodiversity: How to design parks and reserves?

Question 1

What is the acronym for protected areas?

Answer 1

IUCN: International Union for the Conversation of Nature

Question 2

Who am I?
A clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values.

Answer 2

Protected areas

Question 3

What is the final repository for wild nature?

Answer 3

10:50 rule of park conservation

Question 4

What is the 10:50 rule of park conservation?

Answer 4

10% of the area might protect 50% of the species. You get a lot of protection from a little bit of habitat. You lose a lot of large species and top carnivore, especially the ones sensitive to humans

Question 5

Reserves today: according to the Protect Planet Report 2020
1.
a) ___% of terrestrial habitats are protected
b) Target: __%
c) 7.74% of oceans __(up/down) from 2018 - Target: 10%
d) Since 2010, 21 million km - greater than the land area of the ___ ____ - have been added to the global network

2. Work still to be done:
   a) 44.5% of the 821 terrestrial ecoregion meet the __% coverage target
   b) 47.4% of the 232 marine ecoregions meet the __% target
   c) 5.1% of terrestrial ecoregion and 15.5% of marine ecoregions still lack any coverage
   d) Of the ocean’s 37 pelagic provinces, largely beyond national jurisdiction, only 10.8% meet the __% coverage target
   e) Good, but __ __ ___ ____

Answer 5

1. a) 16.6%
   b) 17%
   c) up
   d) Russian Federation
2. a) 17%
   b) 10%
   c) -
   d) 10%
   e) not all have good protection

Question 6

Fill in the blank: Canada’s National Park Plan

a) __ natural regions of Canada
b) __ National Parks in 31/39 regions
c) 328, 198km2 of ___
d) The park plan is __% complete
e) When complete: __% of land will be in Canada’s National Park
f) Newest parks in collaboration with indigenous people: incorporates traditional ___ ___ and ____ management of the land.

Answer 6

a) 39
b) 47
c) area
d) 77%
e) 5%
f) resource harvesting, collaborative

Question 7

Name 4 reserves in Canada

Answer 7

Provincial Parks, Conservation Areas, Municipal Parks, Private Parks

Question 8

How many protected areas are there in Canada?

Answer 8

There are 8000. Terrestrial count for 12.4% of the land and Oceans for 13.8% of the land (so relatively better in oceans than on land)

Question 9

Name limitations to our park system (6)

Answer 9

1. Colonial history
2. Under the CBD, committed to 17% by 2020
3. 30% by 2030: federal government
4. Some ecoregions of Canada have no protected area
5. Big parks are in the North
6. Parks are too small (Western parks and mammals: too small)

Question 10

What National Park Reserve and Heritage Site is this relating to:

• ___ have lived here for 14,000 years
• 1970-1980: plans to log the islands
• 1985: ___ national designated the ___ Heritage site
• 1987: Logging ceased
• 1993: Government of Canada and Council of the Haida Nation signed __ __ agreement
• Cooperatively managed by both the federal government and the nation.

Answer 10

Hawaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site

Question 11

What are some encouraging signs relating to protected areas?

Answer 11

Nunavut Land claims Agreement in 1993:
Largest Land Claim settlement in Canadian History. Created the territory of Nunavut. 3 National Parks were created. Co-managed.

Question 12

Discuss the Great Bear Rainforest.

Answer 12

2016: agreement between BC, First Nations and Logging Industry
Protect 85% of land from logging. Not yet a land claims agreement. 20 First Nations live here.

Question 13

Implications of protected areas for Canada

Answer 13

• too few large, southern parks
• our current parks are too small
• good news: still lots of wilderness outside parks
• good news: large parks with lots of wilderness are sufficient
• even with current wilderness, mammals are going extinct from small parks.
• future parks: likely be part of land claims agreements