Readings Flashcards
In 2016, ___- increased in the world after a steady period of decline, it now affect 815 people
world hunger
Causes of increased hunger in the world include:
- Conflicts
- Climate conditions
- economic slowdown
The region that is most affected by undernourishment is:
Eastern africa
…… in children is considered an indicator of a chronic
state of undernutrition.
Stunting
In contrast to increased hunger, …… of adults is increasing in
all regions of the world.
obesity
T or F : According to the FAO report, obesity is considered a form of
malnutrition.
T
In the developed countries, … of adults are obese.
28
Obesity can be attributed to
- issues in the food access
- Excessive calorie intake
- inadequate nutrient intake
T or F : In contrast to adult obesity, child overweight is not an issue globally.
False
The inclusion of inferior substances having properties similar
to the foods in which they are added is :
intentional
unintentional
or accidental
intentional
T or F : Removing fat from milk is a form of adulteration, unless it is declared on the package
True
T or F : food adulteration is always harmful to human health
F
The simplest strategy to prove adulteration is to demonstrate
the presence of a …….
foreign substance
A common adulterant in honey is cane sugar. It can be
detected using ……
optical microscopy (physical method) by the detection of cane sugar constititutive cells.
name the 4 classes of techniques for detecting adulteration
A. Chemical technique
B. Biochemical technique
C. Physical technique
D. Molecular technique
Complete : Added water to milk can be detected by measuring milk’s specific
gravity. This method is classified as a …… for adulteration detection.
physical
…… is a chemical method that can detect the
adulteration of olive oil with hazelnut oil.
HPLC
Gas chromatography (GC) is a chemical method that can detect ……… to discriminate among different varieties of the same food product, such as wine.
volatile organic compounds
…… is a chemical method that can detect milk adulterants.
FTIR spectroscopy
…… is a chemical method that can detect an adulterant and it can
provide structural identification of the adulterant
NMR
…… is a molecular method that is used to detect interspecies and varietal adulteration in coffee.
PCR
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is a low cost molecular marker
detection method. However, it is considered unreliable due to lack of ……
reproductibility
Define food adulteration
Food adulteration can be defined as lowering the quality of food by
intentional or unintentional substitution of food with some inferior
foreign particle or by removal of some value added food substitute
from main food item
What are the three basic strategies that can be followed to demonstrate that a substance has be adulterated?
Foreign substance : By demonstrating the presence of foreign substance or a marker in the commodity
Derivated from normal level : By demonstrating that a component is deviated from its normal level and
Unlikely profile : By demonstrating that a profile is unlikely to occur
Complete : Animal-derived protein accounts currently for almost …… of humanity’s total protein consumption
40%
Animal protein production is considered inefficient because :
A. Cattle breeding is a major emitter of green house gases
B. 40%-50% of global grain
production is used as feed
A and B
Complete : _____ of global grain
production is used as feed
40%-50%
…… are substances that when present in food reduce the availability of one or
more nutrients and they are one of the concerns that must be addressed regarding
novel proteins.
ANF
What are the three factor you need to consider when developping new protein sources?
ANF
Contaminent
allergens
Of the following insects, …… is suggested to be used as food
Alphitobius diaperinus (cockroach)
1,4-quinones are an example of …… that are
considered toxic chemicals found in edible insects.
toxic secretions
____ are an example of toxic secretion that are
considered toxic chemicals found in edible insects.
1,4-quinones
T or F : Seaweeds are subcategory of algae
T
…… is a microalgae genus that is suggested for human
consumption.
Arthrospira (Spirulina)
Since algae are at the bottom of the aquatic food chain
pyramid, accumulation of ……. is a major concern
Heavy metals
….. is the only identified secondary metabolites produced by
duckweed that is toxic to animals at high levels
oxalic acid
…… (22:1ω9) is an antinutritional factor in rapeseed that hinders its
use as a novel protein for humans.
eruric acid
…… is the maximum amount of pesticide residue that is expected to remain on food products when
a pesticide is used according to label directions, that will not be a concern to human health
maximum residue limit
T or F : To legislate the consumption of novel food product, extensive data on composition,
nutritional value and metabolism, intended use, and intake of and levels of
hazardous substances in the novel food are essential.
True
T or F : In the USA, medications are approved through a formal data-driven process by the
FDA. For medicinal cannabis, the dosage has not been established through such a
process.
True
T or F : Research shows that the use of edible cannabis is declining in
jurisdictions where medicinal cannabis have been legalized
False
T or F : “Edibles avoid the harmful toxins and health risks that come with
smoking cannabis.” Scientifically, this claim is not accurate
True
Well-controlled clinical studies on the therapeutic effectiveness of cannabis and its Tconstituents are sparse or nonexistent; hence, the scientific evidence for such claims is of low quality.
True
T or F : Research has suggested that regular cannabis use may have detrimental effects on
brain development, psychiatric health, and heart health
T
…… percent of medical cannabis users experience severe cannabisinduced
behavioral impairment
65
The major psychoactive ingredient of the cannabis plant responsible for altering the user’s state of mind is ……
∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol
When ingested, 9-THC is converted to …… in the liver, a potent psychoactive
metabolite that readily crosses the blood-brain barrier. This metabolite is more
potent than 9-THC.
11-oh-thc
Drug effect response peaks after …… hours of ingesting cannabis edibles. This
delayed onset of drug effect is a major concern in these products.
3
The drug effect response of cannabis edibles might last for
…… hours, which is another major concern for these products.
24
……, another cannabinoids, is believed to modulate the adverse effects
of 9-THC. However, not all research has supported this idea.
CBC : canabidiol
t or f : 9-THC and CBD are fat soluble molecules, which delays their
clearance from human body.
T
T or F : another major concern regarding cannabis edibles is their resemblance to products appealing to children.
True
Unintended exposure to cannabis products increased by ……percent in jurisdictions where cannabis is legalized.
30.3
A significant portion of consumers don’t use information on nutrition labels to make purchase decisions or find it hard to interpret what is written there.
True
