Readings Flashcards
What is the self-reference effect?
people are better at recalling a list of trait adjectives if they consider whether each word is self-descriptive while they encode them
What is the self-awareness theory?
noticing ourselves and our behavior leads us to judging our behavior according to our internal standards
What is regulatory focus theory?
People possess different self-guides that direct behavior with respect to one’s aspirations and obligations.
↪ People who exhibit ideal goals and ought goals should likely have goal self-aspects
What is self-enhancement?
Tendency to maintain unrealistically positive self-views
What are the arguments that SE should be beneficial to personal adjustment?
#1: SE might be underlain by a fundamental human motive (to elevate positive self-regard) #2: If SE facilitates external rewards, then these rewards will increase self-enhancers’ personal adjustment
Explain the concept of motivated tactician
people’s tendency to rely on relatively automatic processes or alternatively on more effortful ones, depending on the situational and motivational demands
What is goal dependent automaticity?
Intentional control starts process, but without subsequent awareness, need to monitor completion
What is intent?
Requires having options and paying attention to the intended response
What is conscious will?
Experienced when a thought precedes, fits, and explains a subsequent situation
What is a controlled process?
any process in which the perceivers conscious intent determines how the process operates
What cues are also affected by subliminal priming?
- emotionally neutral concepts
- conceptual priming
- categorical pattern matching
What are the 2 processes needed for emotional contagion to occur?
- observer mimics the behaviour of target
2. this mimicry produces an emotional state that parallels the target
Who is most likely to mimic?
More likely in people who:
- are high in self-monitoring
- have a field-dependent cognitive style
- come from a culture with a more interdependent construal of self
- more frequent & pronounced when observers are aware that the target will perceive the mimicked expressions
What are core goodness traits?
(honesty, kindness) – unconditionally enhance the perceived morality of any agent – good, bad or neutral
What are value commitment traits?
(dedication, commitment) – enhance perceived morality of good and neutral agents but amplify the perceived immorality of bad agents
ex: A kind Nazi is better than a Nazi, but a dedicated Nazi is worse than both
