Midterm 2 Flashcards

Question

What is discrimination?

Answer 1

behavioral preferences for some individuals over other individuals based on cultural beliefs about their identity

Answer 2

the various mental processes used to form first impressions of others

Answer 3

White social status is internalized and reflected in minority groups’ implicit pro-white bias (a form of internalized racism)

Answer 4

attribution of fewer human traits, emotions, and experiences to outgroup members than oneself or one’s ingroup

Answer 5

to what extent do you favour inequality between groups

Answer 6

when people feel that they are dehumanized by outgroups

Answer 7

An affectional tie that one person forms between themselves and another specific one – a tie that binds them together in space and endures over time

Answer 8

* Behaviours observed in children separated from parents (e.g., crying, clinging, searching) are adaptive responses to separation from an attachment figure * Operation of an innate attachment behavioural system designed to promote proximity to an attachment figure to increase chance of survival

Answer 9

- Attachment is crucial for children's psychological well-being and forms the basis of personality development - Infant has innate propensity to form strong emotional bonds with caregivers - Attachment system is most likely to be activated when infant is distressed

Answer 10

- Proximity seeking and maintenance - Safe haven (infant will turn to caregiver for comfort and support) - Secure base - Separation distress

Answer 11

Infant distressed when mom left, but plays on their own, and seeks comfort upon reunion with mom

Answer 12

Infant does not display signs of distress upon separation, played by themselves, and disinterested in mom upon reunion

Answer 13

Infant very distressed upon separation, difficulties playing on their own (preoccupied), but not reassured upon reunion with mom

Answer 14

All kids are programmed to seek comfort from their caregiver - Ranging from visual monitoring to intense protest, clinging, crying - Engaging in constructive/ problem-focused ways of dealing with distress

Answer 15

* If parent consistently unavailable --> deactivation | * If parent is inconsistently available or overly attentive --> hyperactivation

Answer 16

compulsive self-reliance - Attention diverted away from threat - Avoid proximity-seeking of an attachment figure when distressed - Cope with distress by suppressing it (e.g., psychologically or behaviorally escaping/avoiding distress)

Answer 17

Sense that they’re always in danger - Hypervigilance to threat, and exaggerated perceptions of threat - Excessive proximity-seeking of an attachment figure when distressed - Cope with distress by heightening distress (e.g., crying loud, throwing a tantrum, clinging)

Answer 18

Secure: - Parents are consistently available, supportive, while also fostering independence - Child uses primary attachment strategy Avoidant: - Parents are consistently unavailable and overly emphasize independence - Child uses deactivation strategy Anxious: - Parents are inconsistently available or are overbearing - Child uses hyperactivation strategy

Answer 19

comfortable with closeness and interdependence, but also seeks autonomy

Answer 20

strong need for closeness and worries about relationships

Answer 21

disinterested in closeness and intimacy and fiercely self-reliant

Answer 22

strong need for closeness but distrust others and fear intimacy

Answer 23

“Interpretative filters” through which new relationships are meaningfully understood and construed

Answer 24

1. A person’s typical/general level of attachment security (trait) 2. Previous levels of security (inertia) 3. Contextual factors that temporarily influence security (state)

Answer 25

- expectancy - instrumentality - value

Answer 26

* Centrality to self * Number of higher order goals served (the extent to which a particular goal is in the service of broader goals) * Number of means of getting to goal (less options, more commitment)

Answer 27

* Caring about the support seeker’s wellbeing * Understanding of the support seeker’s core self * Validating of the support seeker’s perspective

Answer 28

Scale measuring the degree of warmth and competence towards members of a group

Answer 29

Use of valence/trustworthiness and dominance scales as judgments of faces

Answer 30

- Proximity seeking and maintenance - Safe haven - Secure base - Separation distress

Answer 31

- Lower maternal sensitivity | - Not consistently living with father

Answer 32

Higher maternal depression (hard to be consistently attentive)

Answer 33

• When an individual with a predisposition encounters a stressful life event, they are more likely to develop negative psychological outcomes than those without a predisposition - genetic vulnerability model

Answer 34

* Gene: a section of DNA on a chromosome that controls a specific characteristic * Allele: variant of a gene

Answer 35

regulates the reuptake of serotonin after it has been released

Answer 36

Region of the serotonin transporter gene that influences the efficiency of serotonin reuptake

Answer 37

Some individuals are more biologically susceptible/sensitive to both negative AND positive environmental conditions • Not “vulnerable”, but developmentally malleable or “plastic”