Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ESS205H1 - FINAL 2022 > Reading Notes: Oceans & Tides & Sea LEvel Rise > Flashcards

Reading Notes: Oceans & Tides & Sea LEvel Rise Flashcards

1
Q

What a Guyot?

A

Sea mountain with flat top

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did Oceans come on the scene?

A

3.5 Bya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many chems in Sea Water

A

70 chemicals (#1 is chloride #2 is sodium ions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

HOw many tons of dissolved solids a year in ocean?

A

4 bill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Outgassing =

A

Earth releases gas from hydrothermal vents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What kind of equilibrium does seawater enjoy?

A

DYNAMIC equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are conditions of dynamic equilibriuM?

A

Additions offset by losses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What atom / molecule is removed from sea water when it is blown into the wind?

A

Ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What minerals are lost from sea water when it is blown around?

A

Salt and gypsum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When gypsum, salt, and ions are blown from the ocean and onto land, magnesium is formed, creating 2 possible things …

A

dolomite / clay, or calcium and silica for seashells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What’s a photic zone?

A

Ocean in the sun. Visible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What’s an aphotic zone?

A

Deep ocean. Not visible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Upwelling and downwelling – which one is more important and why?

A

upwelling brings minerals into the photic zone (nitrates / phosphates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pelagic clay is

A

ooze / sand / clay made of skeletons and shells (calcareous or siliceous)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 types of reefs

A

fringe / barrier / atoll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Two types of tide:

A

High tide and ebb tide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

OTEC stands for

A

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

They build a wave power plant in Scotland (2000-2018). How’d it go?

A

Not good. Too unpredictable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Advanced design for getting energy from waves …

A

LIMPET

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How’s a LIMPET work?

A

Trappped waves drive “piston” … Suction of outgoing also drive “piston” … And then turbine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The sun’s tide generating force is only ____% of the moon’s …

A

46%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

It takes the moon ____ minutes longer each day to return to the same spot

A

50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What’s a “spring tide”

A

Sun & moon acting together on tides every 2 weeks

24
Q

When moon @ 90 degrees from sun (also every 2 weeks) …

A

Moon tides cancel out solar tides.

25
Q

What’s a NEAP tide?

A

When moon tide cancels out solar tide.

26
Q

When moon tide cancels out solar tide, what percentage lower than usual?

A

20%

27
Q

Celerity =

A

The speed a wave advances

28
Q

The speed a wave advances =

A

Celerity

29
Q

C = L / T

A

Celerity = Length x Time (Speed a wave advances)

30
Q

Waves have greater “range” when …

A

Great drop offs.

31
Q

What’s “fetch” mean in terms of wind blowing?

A

Fetch = when wind blows less on land than over water

32
Q

Why freshwater no tides?

A

Fetch (more wind on ocean than over land)

33
Q

Wave refraction in the near shore zone results in …

A

alignment of waves to coast

34
Q

You’re stuck in a rip tide! Where do you swim?

A

Left or right. Never fight a rid tide.

35
Q

Wave cut platform

A

sea cliff erosion makes hollows, then debris forms platforms …

36
Q

A wave cut platform is sloped down towards the shore

A

no. it is sloped downwards into the sea.

37
Q

What’s a berm?

A

Lump in a beach.

38
Q

Two kinds of beaches…

A

Summer & Winter

39
Q

Summer beaches have berms.

A

Yes.

40
Q

Winter beaches have berms.

A

Small or none. Often under water.

41
Q

Near-Shore Sediment Budget

A

Negative if more is taken away than added.

42
Q

What maintains the Near-Shore Sediment Budget the most?

A

Rivers

43
Q

Two kinds of COASTS

A

DEPOSITIONAL VS EROSIONAL

44
Q

Depositional Coasts have these 3 things.

A

reefs, barriers, deltas

45
Q

Erosional Coasts have 2 things …

A

Steep cliffs / not many islands.

46
Q

South California is both Depositional and Erosional because …

A

It is emergent / up-lifted (depositional). But also erosional.

47
Q

Opposite of an emergent coast …

A

Submergent coast (slowly submerging)

48
Q

Marine Terrace =

A

bank / hill / where ocean used to meet the shore long ago. Like Davenport St. for Lake Iroquois.

49
Q

NOAA stands for

A

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

50
Q

USGS stands for

A

United States Geo Survey

51
Q

EPA stands for

A

Env Protection Agency

52
Q

By how many millimeters has sea level been rising …

A

1.6 mm

53
Q

How many CM has ocean risen since 1880

A

21-24 cm

54
Q

Uplift means …

A

Land rising faster than sea.

55
Q

Why ocean rising?

A

ice melt, thermal swell, mountain glacier water entering sea because blocked from lakes

56
Q

EEZ

A

Exclusive Economic Zone - 332 KM from shoreline belong to that country

57
Q

332 km

A

how much shoreline belongs to country under Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ rule)

ESS205H1 - FINAL 2022 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions