Reading Notes: Oceans & Tides & Sea LEvel Rise

Question 1

What a Guyot?

Answer 1

Sea mountain with flat top

Question 2

What did Oceans come on the scene?

Answer 2

3.5 Bya

Question 3

How many chems in Sea Water

Answer 3

70 chemicals (#1 is chloride #2 is sodium ions)

Question 4

HOw many tons of dissolved solids a year in ocean?

Answer 4

4 bill

Question 5

Outgassing =

Answer 5

Earth releases gas from hydrothermal vents

Question 6

What kind of equilibrium does seawater enjoy?

Answer 6

DYNAMIC equilibrium

Question 7

What are conditions of dynamic equilibriuM?

Answer 7

Additions offset by losses

Question 8

What atom / molecule is removed from sea water when it is blown into the wind?

Answer 8

Ions

Question 9

What minerals are lost from sea water when it is blown around?

Answer 9

Salt and gypsum

Question 10

When gypsum, salt, and ions are blown from the ocean and onto land, magnesium is formed, creating 2 possible things …

Answer 10

dolomite / clay, or calcium and silica for seashells

Question 11

What’s a photic zone?

Answer 11

Ocean in the sun. Visible.

Question 12

What’s an aphotic zone?

Answer 12

Deep ocean. Not visible.

Question 13

Upwelling and downwelling – which one is more important and why?

Answer 13

upwelling brings minerals into the photic zone (nitrates / phosphates)

Question 14

Pelagic clay is

Answer 14

ooze / sand / clay made of skeletons and shells (calcareous or siliceous)

Question 15

3 types of reefs

Answer 15

fringe / barrier / atoll

Question 16

Two types of tide:

Answer 16

High tide and ebb tide

Question 17

OTEC stands for

Answer 17

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

Question 18

They build a wave power plant in Scotland (2000-2018). How’d it go?

Answer 18

Not good. Too unpredictable.

Question 19

Advanced design for getting energy from waves …

Answer 19

LIMPET

Question 20

How’s a LIMPET work?

Answer 20

Trappped waves drive “piston” … Suction of outgoing also drive “piston” … And then turbine

Question 21

The sun’s tide generating force is only ____% of the moon’s …

Answer 21

46%

Question 22

It takes the moon ____ minutes longer each day to return to the same spot

Answer 22

50

Question 23

What’s a “spring tide”

Answer 23

Sun & moon acting together on tides every 2 weeks

Question 24

When moon @ 90 degrees from sun (also every 2 weeks) …

Answer 24

Moon tides cancel out solar tides.

Question 25

What's a NEAP tide?

Answer 25

When moon tide cancels out solar tide.

Question 26

When moon tide cancels out solar tide, what percentage lower than usual?

Answer 26

20%

Question 27

Celerity =

Answer 27

The speed a wave advances

Question 28

The speed a wave advances =

Answer 28

Celerity

Question 29

C = L / T

Answer 29

Celerity = Length x Time (Speed a wave advances)

Question 30

Waves have greater "range" when ...

Answer 30

Great drop offs.

Question 31

What's "fetch" mean in terms of wind blowing?

Answer 31

Fetch = when wind blows less on land than over water

Question 32

Why freshwater no tides?

Answer 32

Fetch (more wind on ocean than over land)

Question 33

Wave refraction in the near shore zone results in ...

Answer 33

alignment of waves to coast

Question 34

You're stuck in a rip tide! Where do you swim?

Answer 34

Left or right. Never fight a rid tide.

Question 35

Wave cut platform

Answer 35

sea cliff erosion makes hollows, then debris forms platforms ...

Question 36

A wave cut platform is sloped down towards the shore

Answer 36

no. it is sloped downwards into the sea.

Question 37

What's a berm?

Answer 37

Lump in a beach.

Question 38

Two kinds of beaches...

Answer 38

Summer & Winter

Question 39

Summer beaches have berms.

Answer 39

Yes.

Question 40

Winter beaches have berms.

Answer 40

Small or none. Often under water.

Question 41

Near-Shore Sediment Budget

Answer 41

Negative if more is taken away than added.

Question 42

What maintains the Near-Shore Sediment Budget the most?

Answer 42

Rivers

Question 43

Two kinds of COASTS

Answer 43

DEPOSITIONAL VS EROSIONAL

Question 44

Depositional Coasts have these 3 things.

Answer 44

reefs, barriers, deltas

Question 45

Erosional Coasts have 2 things ...

Answer 45

Steep cliffs / not many islands.

Question 46

South California is both Depositional and Erosional because ...

Answer 46

It is emergent / up-lifted (depositional). But also erosional.

Question 47

Opposite of an emergent coast ...

Answer 47

Submergent coast (slowly submerging)

Question 48

Marine Terrace =

Answer 48

bank / hill / where ocean used to meet the shore long ago. Like Davenport St. for Lake Iroquois.

Question 49

NOAA stands for

Answer 49

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Question 50

USGS stands for

Answer 50

United States Geo Survey

Question 51

EPA stands for

Answer 51

Env Protection Agency

Question 52

By how many millimeters has sea level been rising ...

Answer 52

1.6 mm

Question 53

How many CM has ocean risen since 1880

Answer 53

21-24 cm

Question 54

Uplift means ...

Answer 54

Land rising faster than sea.

Question 55

Why ocean rising?

Answer 55

ice melt, thermal swell, mountain glacier water entering sea because blocked from lakes

Question 56

EEZ

Answer 56

Exclusive Economic Zone - 332 KM from shoreline belong to that country

Question 57

332 km

Answer 57

how much shoreline belongs to country under Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ rule)