Earth's Changing Climate (CH #?)

Question 1

In the Pliocene, temp variation never went above …

Answer 1

+2

Question 2

Humidity increases ___ which increases evaporation which increases humidity …

Answer 2

infrared

Question 3

Ice is ? % of Earth

Answer 3

10

Question 4

climate data from the past is also known as …

Answer 4

climate proxies

Question 5

In corals, ____ ratios record temperature and salinity

Answer 5

oxygen-isotope

Question 6

What about “the ear stones of fish”?

Answer 6

hold a record of water temperatures

Question 7

Calcium carbonate in ___ stores temperature history

Answer 7

stalactites

Question 8

When looking at oxygen isotopes in ice cores, a higher ratio of oxygen 18 to 16 means …

Answer 8

warmer conditions

Question 9

When looking at oxygen isotopes in sea shells, a higher ratio of oxygen 18 to 16 suggests …

Answer 9

More water (less ice) warmth

Question 10

What isotope in ice cores indicates fluctuating solar activity?

Answer 10

Beryllium

Question 11

The last Ice Age started around …

Answer 11

2.58 Mya

Question 12

The last Ice Age ended aroudn ….

Answer 12

18 Mya

Question 13

The warming spell that followed the last Ice Age was called …

Answer 13

Bolling-Allerod Period

Question 14

What started 12 Kya and ended 1000 years later?

Answer 14

Younger-Dryas (brief glacial period)

Question 15

What happened after the Younger-Dryas ended?

Answer 15

Holocene began.

Question 16

When did the Holocene begin?

Answer 16

After Younger-Dryas ended 13 Kya

Question 17

Name of period during Holocene when temps were best for growth (ended shortly after)

Answer 17

Mid-Holocene Maximum

Question 18

Ice cores show that climate can change in a SNAP … Why do they think this is?

Answer 18

Ocean Conveyor Belt? (is that the deep ocean currents)?

Question 19

The melt after Young Dryas brought what to the ocean waters …

Answer 19

desalination / lighter water / warming

Question 20

What will happen to the “oceanic conveyor” if CO2 increases more?

Answer 20

It will slow down (and Global North will be better off than most places)

Question 21

What natural processes can explain warming trends since the 1970’s?

Answer 21

None.

Question 22

1951-2012 we have seen ___? of rise …

Answer 22

0.85

Question 23

What minerals sequester most CO2?

Answer 23

calcite / calcium carbonate

Question 24

Eccentricity means

Answer 24

distance from sun

Question 25

Precession means

Answer 25

23 K year cycle of planetary wobbly-wobbliness

Question 26

Name for change that happens every 41 K?

Answer 26

Obliquity = earth tilt changes

Question 27

In the case of eccentricity, records show that _______ changes precede the release of CO2

Answer 27

temperature

Question 28

The most insane way we could cause negative forcing and cool the planet …

Answer 28

Nuclear winters

Question 29

Phytoplankton produce what? when they die

Answer 29

dimethylsulphide (DMS)

Question 30

El Chichon, Mexico, what year?

Answer 30

1982 - results in warming

Question 31

What 1991 even resulted in warming

Answer 31

Mount Pinatubo, Philippines

Question 32

Volcanic activity may have caused

Answer 32

Little Ice Age (sediment in ice samples)

Question 33

Bright areas of sun

Answer 33

faculae

Question 34

Maunder Minimum

Answer 34

Cool spell / reduction of solar output

Question 35

Radiative Equilibrium is when …

Answer 35

incoming solar = outgoing solar

Question 36

The “newest” climate models are also called

Answer 36

General Circulation Models

Question 37

ENSO =

Answer 37

El Nino Southern Oscillation

Question 38

weather prediction model use to predict weather …

Answer 38

Numerical weather prediciton model

Question 39

RCM =

Answer 39

regional climate model

Question 40

Tundra is no longer a sink. It is a …

Answer 40

source of CO2

Question 41

What percent of CO2 release caused by agro>

Answer 41

30%

Question 42

With added warmth, clouds are turning into …

Answer 42

Cirrus