LECTURE 6 / WEEK 7: Human Pop & Resources Flashcards
Name of proposed “new geological age”?
Anthropocene
What’s a “golden spike” as a “horizon” in geological time?
An indicator of mass extinction / end of one major trend & start of another.
What’s the significance of Iridium?
Dust from meteor / or volcanic eruption / that forms a layer on all surfaces – forming a “marker horizon” / potential “new age”
What’s a flood basalt?
Mantle pours out for a million years or more / coating everything in Iridium (marker horizon)
What’s a marker horizon?
indicator of mass change / meteor or volcano / layer of iridium
“Anthropocene” is probably not going to happen, so what age are we in then?
Holocene.
Why do we destroy excess crops?
Keep market price high.
What are the 2 main indicators of pop growth or shrinkage?
Birth rate, death rate.
Aside from births & deaths, what 2 other factors might a demographer look at to see if a pop is growing or not?
Immigration & emigration.
Pop increase results in what? (which then limits the population).
enviro resistance
If you have far more births than deaths, you’re testing the limits of the Earth’s “tolerance” for you, AKA …
Carrying capacity
Highest Pop Density in Canananada which prov?
P.E.I.
What are 3 things in the Industrial Era that allowed the population to grow?
Sanitation, medication, vaccination
1800’s, life expectancy was (approx)
around 40 years or thereabouts
High life expectancy corresponds with access to …
clean drinking water
In the past 100 years, there have been more births and more deaths in Canada. Correct?
No. Fewer births. Less frequent deaths.
The higher your standard of living, the carrying capacity is _____ for people like you.
lower
What’s PPP stand for (related to GDP)
Purchasing Power Parity
What’s Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)?
How much the average person can afford (overlooking currency conversion). International average is $10,000. Much less in Nigeria.
For population to grow, the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) needs to be …
2.1 kids per mother
In what stage of development (after industrial) do people start to wise up and have fewer children?
Stage 4: Post-Industrial
(4 stages) Preindustrial, ________, Industrial, ___________
transitional … post-industrial
Birth & Death rates during Transitional (Stage 2)?
Birth rates remain high. Death rates decrease.
Pyramid-shaped Population Pyramid means an abundance of?
Kids.
What accounts for the common, subtle, asymmetrical imbalance of pop pyramids?
Women live longer than non-women human beings do.
What’s a “tapered base” in a pop pyramid mean?
Decrease in birth rates.
Birthrate is inversely related to education levels (True or False)
True dat.
More people in urban areas in developing countries or developed?
75% urban in developed vs. 40% urban in developing.
Percentage of urban humans in developing nations vs. developed nations?
40% / 75%
Most urban growth is happening in developed countries or developing ones?
+ing ones.
How many of us live in developed nations?
1/4
We see a net transfer of resources from rich to poor (?)
LOL of course not. It’s the opposite (mostly services on debts).
“Horizon” from meteor / eruption / “flood basalts” made of what chemical?
Iridium.
Most renewable energy is from …
hydroelectric power
Petroleum (fossil fuels) and ______ are the two main non-renewables used …
Natural Gas.
Why Nuclear Power not renewable dude?
Because limited amount of uranium for use in reactors, man.
Why are the old swampy forests that eventually make coal slow to decompose / breakdown?
Anoxic swamps.
Swamps that are turning into coal (compressed vege matter) is also known as a ______ bog.
Peat.
Swampy forests were stored, to eventually become coal, during what period?
Carboniferous.
Best and most rare type of coal is …
Anthracite.
Worst type of coal is …
Lignite.
How long could oil last us at current rate of use?
60 years.
Oil doesn’t form in swamps like coal. It forms in …
The Ocean (big salty lake)
What process was not completed when organic matter that was then prematurely buried (beneath the ocean) – which in turn gives us oil?
Decomposition.
HOw we handle high-level radioactive waste?
When plant decommissioned, we box it all up in cement.
In ON our main sources are Hydro & ____
Nuclear
Definition of sustainability given in slides …
Meet needs of present w/o compromise future
How many earths would we need if everybody consumed like Americans?
5 earths.
What best thing we can do to reduce consumption now?
Eat less meat.
We should focus on curbing what? instead of population size?
Consumption.
4 Global Env Issues
Oceans, Ozones, Climate Change, Deforestation
Formula for Global Growth Rate
Birth rate (b) Death rate (d) Global growth rate (r)
r = b - d
r = b + i - d - e
Global Growth Rate minus immigration (i) and emigration (e)
When did world growth rate peak?
2.2% in 1963
2.2% - 1.1%
Global Growth 1963 vs. 2012
Estimates for populations within Earth’s carrying capacity?
4 - 16 billion
Current Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
2.5 kids per mama
Two types of overpopulation
People overpop & Consumption overpop
