LECTURE 6 / WEEK 7: Human Pop & Resources

Question 1

Name of proposed “new geological age”?

Answer 1

Anthropocene

Question 2

What’s a “golden spike” as a “horizon” in geological time?

Answer 2

An indicator of mass extinction / end of one major trend & start of another.

Question 3

What’s the significance of Iridium?

Answer 3

Dust from meteor / or volcanic eruption / that forms a layer on all surfaces – forming a “marker horizon” / potential “new age”

Question 4

What’s a flood basalt?

Answer 4

Mantle pours out for a million years or more / coating everything in Iridium (marker horizon)

Question 5

What’s a marker horizon?

Answer 5

indicator of mass change / meteor or volcano / layer of iridium

Question 6

“Anthropocene” is probably not going to happen, so what age are we in then?

Answer 6

Holocene.

Question 7

Why do we destroy excess crops?

Answer 7

Keep market price high.

Question 8

What are the 2 main indicators of pop growth or shrinkage?

Answer 8

Birth rate, death rate.

Question 9

Aside from births & deaths, what 2 other factors might a demographer look at to see if a pop is growing or not?

Answer 9

Immigration & emigration.

Question 10

Pop increase results in what? (which then limits the population).

Answer 10

enviro resistance

Question 11

If you have far more births than deaths, you’re testing the limits of the Earth’s “tolerance” for you, AKA …

Answer 11

Carrying capacity

Question 12

Highest Pop Density in Canananada which prov?

Answer 12

P.E.I.

Question 13

What are 3 things in the Industrial Era that allowed the population to grow?

Answer 13

Sanitation, medication, vaccination

Question 14

1800’s, life expectancy was (approx)

Answer 14

around 40 years or thereabouts

Question 15

High life expectancy corresponds with access to …

Answer 15

clean drinking water

Question 16

In the past 100 years, there have been more births and more deaths in Canada. Correct?

Answer 16

No. Fewer births. Less frequent deaths.

Question 17

The higher your standard of living, the carrying capacity is _____ for people like you.

Answer 17

lower

Question 18

What’s PPP stand for (related to GDP)

Answer 18

Purchasing Power Parity

Question 19

What’s Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)?

Answer 19

How much the average person can afford (overlooking currency conversion). International average is $10,000. Much less in Nigeria.

Question 20

For population to grow, the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) needs to be …

Answer 20

2.1 kids per mother

Question 21

In what stage of development (after industrial) do people start to wise up and have fewer children?

Answer 21

Stage 4: Post-Industrial

Question 22

(4 stages) Preindustrial, ________, Industrial, ___________

Answer 22

transitional … post-industrial

Question 23

Birth & Death rates during Transitional (Stage 2)?

Answer 23

Birth rates remain high. Death rates decrease.

Question 24

Pyramid-shaped Population Pyramid means an abundance of?

Answer 24

Kids.

Question 25

What accounts for the common, subtle, asymmetrical imbalance of pop pyramids?

Answer 25

Women live longer than non-women human beings do.

Question 26

What's a "tapered base" in a pop pyramid mean?

Answer 26

Decrease in birth rates.

Question 27

Birthrate is inversely related to education levels (True or False)

Answer 27

True dat.

Question 28

More people in urban areas in developing countries or developed?

Answer 28

75% urban in developed vs. 40% urban in developing.

Question 29

Percentage of urban humans in developing nations vs. developed nations?

Answer 29

40% / 75%

Question 30

Most urban growth is happening in developed countries or developing ones?

Answer 30

+ing ones.

Question 31

How many of us live in developed nations?

Answer 31

1/4

Question 32

We see a net transfer of resources from rich to poor (?)

Answer 32

LOL of course not. It's the opposite (mostly services on debts).

Question 33

"Horizon" from meteor / eruption / "flood basalts" made of what chemical?

Answer 33

Iridium.

Question 34

Most renewable energy is from ...

Answer 34

hydroelectric power

Question 35

Petroleum (fossil fuels) and ______ are the two main non-renewables used ...

Answer 35

Natural Gas.

Question 36

Why Nuclear Power not renewable dude?

Answer 36

Because limited amount of uranium for use in reactors, man.

Question 37

Why are the old swampy forests that eventually make coal slow to decompose / breakdown?

Answer 37

Anoxic swamps.

Question 38

Swamps that are turning into coal (compressed vege matter) is also known as a ______ bog.

Answer 38

Peat.

Question 39

Swampy forests were stored, to eventually become coal, during what period?

Answer 39

Carboniferous.

Question 40

Best and most rare type of coal is ...

Answer 40

Anthracite.

Question 41

Worst type of coal is ...

Answer 41

Lignite.

Question 42

How long could oil last us at current rate of use?

Answer 42

60 years.

Question 43

Oil doesn't form in swamps like coal. It forms in ...

Answer 43

The Ocean (big salty lake)

Question 44

What process was not completed when organic matter that was then prematurely buried (beneath the ocean) -- which in turn gives us oil?

Answer 44

Decomposition.

Question 45

HOw we handle high-level radioactive waste?

Answer 45

When plant decommissioned, we box it all up in cement.

Question 46

In ON our main sources are Hydro & ____

Answer 46

Nuclear

Question 47

Definition of sustainability given in slides ...

Answer 47

Meet needs of present w/o compromise future

Question 48

How many earths would we need if everybody consumed like Americans?

Answer 48

5 earths.

Question 49

What best thing we can do to reduce consumption now?

Answer 49

Eat less meat.

Question 50

We should focus on curbing what? instead of population size?

Answer 50

Consumption.

Question 51

4 Global Env Issues

Answer 51

Oceans, Ozones, Climate Change, Deforestation

Question 52

Formula for Global Growth Rate

Answer 52

Birth rate (b) Death rate (d) Global growth rate (r) r = b - d

Question 53

r = b + i - d - e

Answer 53

Global Growth Rate minus immigration (i) and emigration (e)

Question 54

When did world growth rate peak?

Answer 54

2.2% in 1963

Question 55

2.2% - 1.1%

Answer 55

Global Growth 1963 vs. 2012

Question 56

Estimates for populations within Earth's carrying capacity?

Answer 56

4 - 16 billion

Question 57

Current Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Answer 57

2.5 kids per mama

Question 58

Two types of overpopulation

Answer 58

People overpop & Consumption overpop