READING COMPREHENSION 6th EXAMINATION Flashcards
UM Vision, Mission, Goals UM Core Values Author's Purpose (PIE) Figures of Speech
What is UM’s Vision?
A leading globally engaged university creating sustainable impact to society
What is UM’s Mission?
To provide a dynamic and supportive academic environment through the highest standards of instruction, research and extension in a non-sectarian institution committed to democratizing access to education
What are UM’s core values?
Excellence
Honesty and Integrity
Innovation
Teamwork
We are committed to world-class customer service and quality as we excel for the mutual success of our stakeholders. We ensure that our product and services are at par with the global standards to ensure its responsiveness and impact on our stakeholders and the community and country in general.
Excellence (UM CORE VALUES)
We always think outside the box to be of prime service to our stakeholders. We do this by continuously introducing new programs as value added benefits to our clients.
Innovation (UM CORE VALUES)
Our organization establishes utmost trust and ensures transparency in dealing with our stakeholders. We practice accountability in all of our undertakings especially those that involve our stakeholders. Professionalism is at the core of our thrusts as an academic institution.
Honesty and Integrity (UM CORE VALUES)
We believe in the concept that “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.” We value the collective effort of every stakeholder through synergy, cooperation, collaboration, and ‘esprit de corps’ as it is integral to the success of the institution.
Teamwork (UM CORE VALUES)
a feeling of pride, fellowship, and common loyalty shared by the members of a particular group.
es·prit de corps
The University of Mindanao envisions to be a leading globally engaged university creating sustainable impact to society.
UM VISION
The University of Mindanao seeks to provide a dynamic learning environment through the highest standard of instruction, research, extension and production in a private non-sectarian institution committed to democratizing access to education.
UM Mission
Excellence, Honesty, Integrity, Innovation and Teamwork
UM CORE VALUES
the use of words that begin with the same consonant sounds near one another
Alliteration
a phrase or expression that has been used so often that it is no longer original or interesting
Cliché
a language that describes something better or worse that it really is
Hyperbole
a form of a language that is spoken in a particular area and that uses some of its own words, grammar and pronunciations
Idiom
a language that causes people to imagine pictures or images in their minds
Imagery
a word or phrase for one thing that is used to refer to another thing in order to show or suggest that they are similar
Metaphor
the use of the name of one thing for that of another of which it is an attribute or which it is associated
Metonymy
the naming of a thing or action by a vocal imitation of the sound associated with it
Onomatopoeia
a combination of words that have opposite or very different meanings
Oxymoron
a figure of speech by which a part is put for the whole, the whole for a part , the species for the genus, the genus for the species or the name of the material for the thing made
Synecdoche
a phrase that uses the words like or as to describe someone or something by comparing it with something similar
Simile
an imaginary person that represents a thing or idea in art, literature, etc.
Personification
Text is written to persuade means the author’s goal is to convince his readers to believe what he believes. This means that the author wants the readers to think or act in a specific way he wants.
TO PERSUADE
there are three basic purposes for an author to write:
to PERSUADE, to INFORM, and to ENTERTAIN. Just remember the word PIE(Persuade, Inform, and Entertain).
The author is attempting to woo the readers to believe and agree with him by presenting his or her opinion, presenting examples, and making an argument.
TO PERSUADE
It is true that in _____ _____ , the author shares his opinion about a specific topic, but the author also usually provides facts and examples.
TO PERSUADE
The information the author writes in his paper serves as supportive materials to further convince his readers to agree with him.
TO PERSUADE
However, in contrast, to persuade, the facts or information are not used to support an opinion. The facts are presented in order to enlighten the readers.
TO INFORM
In this type, the author’s goal is to inform the readers about a certain topic by providing facts.
TO INFORM
The primary purpose of these texts is to entertain or to amuse the readers.
TO ENTERTAIN
This does not mean that the text must be happy all the time; the text could also be a tragedy, but the main reason for this type of writing is to evoke feelings.
TO ENTERTAIN
The author wants you to do, buy, or believe something.
To persuade
These texts may express values and ideas that will persuade readers to view the world differently.
TO ENTERTAIN
Advertisements, persuasive, letters opinions, campaign, speeches.
To persuade
Textbooks, non-fiction books, expository essays, biographies, newspaper, articles, directions
To inform
The author wants to give you information with no bias
To inform
Fiction stories, poems, songs, plays, jokes, narratives.
To entertain
The author wants to amuse you or for you to enjoy the writing
To entertain
“A _____ is an expression which describes a person or thing as being similar to someone or something else”.
simile
“She ran like the wind.”
Simile - Running and the Wind are unlike things. When you compare the speed of running to the speed of the wind, you are using a simile.
Compares two unlike or dissimilar objects using the words like or as. A ____ is a phrase that uses a comparison to describe.
simile
He crept into the room as quiet as a mouse.
Simile
The could was fluffy like cotton candy
Simile
The snowflake sparkled like millions of tiny diamonds
Simile
He was as angry as a grizzly bear
Simile
The same with simile, it directly compares two unlike things without the use of like or as.
metaphor
Example: “A good laugh is a sunshine in a house.”
Metaphor - Explanation: A good laugh is being compared to sunshine by saying that it is sunshine (laugh = sunshine). (A good laugh and sunshine are dissimilar, and unlike things being compared to each other.)
Jim is a giraffe.
Life’s a rollercoaster.
He’s a teddy bear.
Time is money.
Metaphor
She is my rock.
You’re an angel.
He is a pig.
Her heart is gold.
Metaphor
Example: “The tree bowed and waved to me in the wind.”
Personification - Explanation: The tree is being given the human characteristics or actions of waving and bowing. (The tree is being personified. It now has character.)
It is a figurative language in which it gives human attributes to the non-human.
Personification
Example: “On my first morning on the farm, I was awoken suddenly by the cock-a-doodle-do of the resident rooster.”
Onomatopoeia - Explanation: “cock-a-doodle-do” is an imitation of the sound of a rooster.
It is a figurative language, which means they are not always meant to be taken literally. It express a particular sentiment, but they do not mean what the individual words themselves mean.
Idiom
It is a word that sounds like its meaning. It can also be described as the use of a word that imitates a sound.
Onomatopoeia
Example: “Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.”
Idiom - Explanation: The saying has existed for centuries in various forms; it is said that Margaret Wolfe Hungerford, 1878, was the main creditor of the idiom. Likewise, the meaning of the idiom is “What looks beautiful to one person may not look beautiful to another.”
A figurative language that exaggerates or overstate. Authors use this figure of speech to emphasize a point or add humour.
Hyperbole
Example: “Ten thousand suns light up this room.”
Hyperbole - Explanation: The second means that our room is extremely bright, but in no way will we be blinded by it
It is a figure of speech that puts together the opposite elements. The combination of these contradicting elements serves to reveal a paradox, confuse, or give the reader a laugh.
Oxymoron
Example: “That’s my adult child. Poor thing still can’t get himself into the real adult world.
Oxymoron - Explanation: An “adult child” literally does not make sense—you cannot have an adult who is also a child. This oxymoron, though, serves to describe an adult who refuses to act like an adult
My room is an organized mess
Classic Oxymoron or Oxymoron
It is a figure of speech in which two terms appear to contradict each other.
Oxymoron
It is the repetition of the same initial letter in successive words, which is done for an effect
Alliteration
It is a useful sound device found in many types of literature but mostly in poetry.
Alliteration
Businesses and advertisers use it to call attention to company names and products. It also makes a phrase easy to memorize and fun to read or say out loud.
Alliteration
Betty Botter is what type of figure of speech?
Alliteration
Example: “Six silly swans went swimming in the sea.”
Alliteration - Explanation: It is the repetition of beginning consonant sounds “s.”
It refers to an expression that has been overused to the extent that it loses its original meaning or novelty.
Cliché
Example: “in the nick of time.” “Only time will tell.”
Cliché - Explanation: “In the nick of time” is a cliché meaning “to happen just in time” and “only time will tell” is a cliché meaning “to become clear over time.” (The two examples have been overly used in a written text, which makes them a cliché.)
As bold as brass
Uphill battle
If it ain’t broke, don’t fixt it
Too little, too late
Sleeping like the dead
Actions speak louder than words
Two wrongs don’t make a right
Never say never
Laughter is the best medicine
Cliché
In a nutshell
It’s not rocket science
At long last
Going forward
All walks of life
At the end of the day
Bring to the table
I’m giving it 110%
Don’t put off till tomorrow what you can do today
Cliché
It is a figurative language in which an object or idea is referred to by the name of something closely associated with it, as opposed to by its own name.
Metonymy
Example: “I pledge my service to the crown.”
Metonymy - Explanation: Do I pledge my service to just a crown that sits atop the king’s head? No! The solitary crown represents a part of the whole king and kingdom to whom I pledge my service (crown = king and kingdom).
The White House declared that we are at war with Mars
Metonymy
After leading the rebellion, he seized the throne
Metonymy
It is a literary device in which a part of something represents the whole, or it may use a whole to represent a part. It may also use larger groups to refer to smaller groups or vice versa.
Synecdoche
Example: “50 heads of cattle.”
Synecdoche - Explanation: “head” is used to mean whole animals
I have four mouths to feed at home
Synecdoche
The strings were praised for their excellent performance
Synecdoche
Check out mu new wheels
Synecdoche
That’s a nice set of wheels you have.
Synecdoche
That’s a nice ride you have
Metonymy
More general than synecdoche
Metonymy
More specific than metonymy
Synecdoche
Part used to represent a whole
Synecdoche
Give us this day our daily bread
Synecdoche (“bread” is used to represent all food.)
Whole thing used to represent another thing.
Does not have to be a part of the whole.
Metonymy
The suits were at a meeting
Metonymy (“suits” refers to business people.)
It is a way of using figurative language to represent ideas, actions, or objects. While it is largely about painting a picture in the reader’s mind, using this means that the writing appeals to all five of the reader’s physical senses - not just sight.(sight, taste, touch, smell, and hearing).
Imagery
Example: “The delicate white bird flew gracefully through the blue sky.”
Imagery - Explanation: It is imagery because it gives the reader a mental image by appealing to the senses.
Types of Imagery
Imagery using visuals
Imagery using sounds
Imagery using scent
Imagery using taste
Imagery using touch
The night was black as ever, but bright stars lit up the sky in beautiful and varied constellations which were sprinkled across the astronomic all and scape.
Imagery using visuals - In this example, the experience of the night sky is described in depth with color(black as ever, bright), shape (varied constellations), and pattern (sprinkled).
Silence was broken by the peal of piano keys as Shannon began practicing her concerto.
Imagery using sounds - Here, auditory imagery breaks silence with the beautiful sound of piano keys.
She smelled the scent of sweet hibiscus wafting through the air, its tropical smell a reminder that she was on vacation in a beautiful place.
Imagery using scent - The scent of hibiscus helps describe a scene which is relaxing, warm, and welcoming.
The candy melted in her mouth and swirls of bittersweet chocolate and slightly sweet but salty caramel blended together on her tongue.
Imagery using taste - Thanks to an in-depth description of the candy’s various flavors, the reader canal most experience the deliciousness directly.
After the long run, he collapsed in the grass with tired and burning muscles. The grass tickled his skin and sweat cooled on his brow.
Imagery using touch - In this example, imagery is used to describe the feeling of strained muscles, grass’s tickle, and sweat cooling on skin.
It can elevate and enhances common language.
Figurative language
Authors often employ this to make unfamiliar objects, settings, and situations more relatable.
figurative language
It draws his reader into the story world he has created and encourages the reader to be an active participant – to feel what the characters feel, to see what they see.
figurative language
Short stories rely heavily on this because it enhances the characterization in a short story and creates a mood to make the characters and storylines come alive in the reader’s mind
figurative language
. The literal meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word
Denotation
. An idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.
Connotation
