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2nd TERM 2nd SEM > ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2ND EXAMINATION > Flashcards

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2ND EXAMINATION Flashcards

1
Q

It is the entire pool from which a statistical sample is drawn from a different group of individuals.

A

Population

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2
Q

A _____ is referring to an entire group of people of different races, sexuality, and status; objects like material things; events like social gatherings; hospital or school visitations, and measurements of a distinct boundary.

A

Population.

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2
Q

It is the measurement of the given population over volume respondents.

A

Population Density

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2
Q

It refers to the shift in the history of birth and death rates in society because of the absence of science and technology advancements. There is also an issue on the economic and educational development, particularly in women that may cause the ______ _______

A

Demographic Transition

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3
Q

It is frequently applied to living organisms, most of the time, to humans.

A

Population Density

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4
Q

It is a key geographical term.

A

Population Density

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5
Q

It is referring to the number of death in a given population over some time.

A

Mortality Rate

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6
Q

It is a ratio of males to females in a population. In most sexually reproducing species, the rate tends to be 1:1.

A

Sex Ratio

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6
Q

it is referring in two ways; human demography has the potential for the reproduction of a listed population as opposed to a single organism. For the study in the biological community, it is similar to fertility, wherein it is a natural way to produce offspring.

A

Fecundity

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7
Q

is referring to the statistical features of the human population. The demographic analysis can cover whole societies or groups comprising education, nationality, religion, and ethnicity.

A

Demography

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8
Q

It is referring to the movement of people of different sectors from one country to another with the intention of the new location, new work or employer, or for greener pasture.

A

Migration

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9
Q

is a general term meaning the occurrence of disease and illness in a population.

A

Morbidity

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9
Q

The movement is often over long distances and from one country to another, but internal ____ within the city is also possible; indeed, this is the dominant form globally.

A

migration

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10
Q

is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A _____ (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types.

A

taxonomy

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10
Q

is all the different kinds of life you’ll find in one area— the variety of animals, plants, fungi, and even microorganisms like bacteria that make up our natural world.

A

Biodiversity

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11
Q

refers to the number of people living in a particular area, from a village to the world as a whole.

A

Human population

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12
Q

The world population now stands at around _____ billion inhabitants, having reached 7 billion milestones in 2011. Demographers expect the 8 billion breakthroughs in 2023, nine (9) billion by 2037, and projected as high as ten
(10) billion in the year 2056.

A

7.8

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13
Q

The world population now stands at around 7.8 billion inhabitants, having reached 7 billion milestones in 2011. Demographers expect the 8 billion breakthroughs in ____, nine (9) billion by 2037, and projected as high as ten
(10) billion in the year 2056.

A

2023

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14
Q

The world population now stands at around 7.8 billion inhabitants, having reached 7 billion milestones in 2011. Demographers expect the 8 billion breakthroughs in 2023, nine (9) billion by ___, and projected as high as ten
(10) billion in the year 2056.

A

2037

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14
Q

The world population now stands at around 7.8 billion inhabitants, having reached 7 billion milestones in 2011. Demographers expect the 8 billion breakthroughs in 2023, nine (9) billion by 2037, and projected as high as ten
(10) billion in the year ____.

A

2056

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15
Q

The human population is so huge that percentages are too crude a measure, so it is common to state these rates in terms of the number per 1,000, referring to the ____ ____. Thus, we have the crude birth rate, crude death rate, and crude growth rate.

A

crude rate

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16
Q

A _____ is defined as a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area. Members of a ____ often rely on the same resources, are subject to similar environmental constraints, and depend on the availability of other members to persist over time.

A

population

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17
Q

As a tool for objectively studying populations, population ecologists rely on a series of statistical measures, known as _____ ______, to describe that population

A

demographic parameters

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18
Q

The field of science interested in collecting and analyzing demographic parameters is termed population demographics, also known as ______.

A

demography

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19
Q

_______ can include any statistical factors that influence population growth or decline, but several parameters are particularly important: population size, density, age structure, fecundity (birth rates), mortality (death rates), and sex ratio.

A

Demographics

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20
Q

Broadly defined, ______ is the study of the characteristics of populations. It provides a mathematical description of how those characteristics change over time.

A

demography

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21
Q

The rise in the number of people on Earth is referred to as ____ ____

A

population growth.

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22
Q

The vast variety of life on Earth is referred to as _____. It can be applied more precisely to all the species found in a certain area or environment. Every living creature, including plants, microorganisms, animals, and people, is referred to as ____.

A

biodiversity.

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23
Q

Around 8.7 million species of plants and animals are thought to exist, according to scientists. However, to far, only about ____ million species, the most of which are insects, have been recognized and described. This implies that the identities of millions of other creatures are yet unknown.

A

1.2

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24
Q

Around ___ million species of plants and animals are thought to exist, according to scientists. However, to far, only about 1.2 million species, the most of which are insects, have been recognized and described. This implies that the identities of millions of other creatures are yet unknown.

A

8.7

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25
Q

All living things that can reproduce sexually belong to the same _____.

A

species

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26
Q

_____ are places with exceptionally high biodiversity levels.

A

Hotspots

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27
Q

______ are also home to endemic species, which can only be found in a single place

A

Hotspots

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28
Q

_______ is the branch of biology that classifies all living things. It was developed by the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus, who lived during the 18th Century, and his system of classification is still used today.

A

Taxonomy

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29
Q

Threats to biodiversity include population expansion, pollution, and climate change. The rate of ______ of species has increased at an unheard-of rate as a result of these concerns.

A

extinction

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30
Q

Taxonomy is the branch of biology that classifies all living things. It was developed by the Swedish botanist _____ _____-, who lived during the 18th Century, and his system of classification is still used today.

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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31
Q

He invented binomial nomenclature, the system of giving each type of organism a genus and species name.

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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32
Q

Carolus Linnaeus also developed a classification system called the _____ ______, which today has eight ranks from general to specific: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

A

taxonomic hierarchy

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33
Q

He also developed a classification system called the taxonomic hierarchy, which today has eight ranks from general to specific: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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34
Q

He also developed a classification system called the taxonomic hierarchy, which today has eight ranks from general to specific: Identify

A

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

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35
Q

Kingdom - Organisms able to move on their own

A

Animals

36
Q

Phylum - Animals with a backbone.

A

Chordates

37
Q

Class - Chordates with fur or hair and milk glands.

A

Mammals

38
Q

Order - Mammals with collar bones and grasping fingers

A

Primates

39
Q

Family - Primates with relatively flat faces and three-dimensional vision.

A

Hominids

40
Q

Genus - Hominids with upright posture and large brains

A

Homo

41
Q

Species - Members of the genus homo with a high forehead and thin skull bones.

A

Homo sapiens

42
Q

A _______ (plural: taxa) is a group of organisms that are classified as a unit. This can be specific or general.

A

Taxon - For example, we could say that all humans are a taxon at the species level since they are all the same species, but we could also say that humans along with all other primates are a taxon at the order level, since they all belong to the order Primates.

43
Q

Many mnemonic devices can be used to remember the order of the taxonomic hierarchy, such as “Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti”.

A

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

44
Q

The term ______ ______ refers to all the living components in an ecosystem. A slightly different concept is encompassed in the word biota, which refers to all flora and fauna, or plant and animal life, in a particular region.

A

biological community or biological communities

45
Q

The term biological community refers to all the living components in an ecosystem. A slightly different concept is encompassed in the word ___, which refers to all flora and fauna, or plant and animal life, in a particular region.

A

biota

46
Q

it is referring to a biological interaction where one organism captures and kills other organisms, its prey.

A
  1. Predation
47
Q

2.1. It is one of the known modes of feeding behaviors that includes parasitism and micropredation and parasitoids.

A
  1. Predation
47
Q
  1. A ____ _____ is referring to any close and long-term biological interaction between two different organisms.
A

symbiotic relationship

48
Q
  1. A symbiotic relationship is referring to any close and long-term biological interaction between two different organisms.
    3.1. The organisms, each termed a ____, may be of the same or different species.
A

symbiont

49
Q

it is referring to a biological and ecological interaction where both organisms benefit from each other.

A
  1. Mutualism
50
Q

A symbiotic relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.

A
  1. Parasitism
50
Q

It is a concept that was introduced by Robert T. Paine in 1969. It pertains to species relative to its abundance is a disproportionate effect on its natural environment.

A
  1. Keystone species.
51
Q

Keystone species is a concept that was introduced by ___ __ _____ in 1969. It pertains to species relative to its abundance is a disproportionate effect on its natural environment.

A

Robert T. Paine

52
Q

A population consists of all individuals of a single ____ that exist together at a given place and time.

A

species

52
Q

A ____ is a single type of organism that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

A

species

52
Q

A ______ consists of all individuals of a single species that exist together at a given place and time.

A

population

53
Q

All of the populations living together in the same area make up a ____.

A

community.

54
Q

An _____ is made up of the living organisms in a community and the nonliving things, the physical and chemical factors, that they interact with.

A

ecosystem

55
Q

The living organisms within an ecosystem are its ____ factors

A

biotic

56
Q

the physical and chemical features within an ecosystem are ____ factors

A

abiotic

56
Q

_____ factors include resources living organisms need, such as light, oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, good soil, and nitrogen, phosphorous, and other nutrients.

A

Abiotic

57
Q

_____ factors include environmental features that are not materials or living things, such as living space and the right temperature range.

A

Abiotic

58
Q

____ moves through an ecosystem in one direction. Organisms must make a living. This means that each individual organism must acquire enough food ____ to live and reproduce.

A

Energy

59
Q

A species’ way of making a living is called its ____.

A

niche - An example of a niche is making a living as a top carnivore, an animal that eats other animals, but is not eaten by any other animals.

60
Q

A ______ is the biotic part of an ecosystem. It consists of all the populations of all the species in the same area. It also includes their interactions.

A

community

60
Q

An organism’s _____ is where it lives. The important characteristics of a _____ include climate, the availability of food, water, and other resources, and other factors, such as weather.

A

habitat

61
Q

____ _____ in communities are important factors in natural selection. They help shape the evolution of the interacting species.

A

Species interactions

62
Q

There are three major types of community interactions:

A

predation, competition, and symbiosis.

63
Q

is a relationship between organisms that strive for the same resources in the same place. The resources might be food, water, or space.

A
  • Competition
64
Q

is a relationship in which members of one species (the predator) consume members of another species (the prey).

A
  • Predation
65
Q

There are two different types of competition:

A

Intraspecific competition and Interspecific competition

66
Q

occurs between members of different species. For example, predators of different species might compete for the same prey.

A
  1. Interspecific competition
66
Q

occurs between members of the same species. For example, two male birds of the same species might compete for mates in the same area. This type of competition is a basic factor in natural selection. It leads to the evolution of better adaptations within a species.

A
  1. Intraspecific competition
67
Q

It is a close relationship between two species in which at least one species benefits.

A

Symbiosis

68
Q

There are three basic types of symbiosis:

A

mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.

69
Q

Species A: Benefits
Species B: Benefits

A

mutualism

70
Q

Species A: Benefits
Species B: Unaffected

A

commensalism

71
Q

Species A: Benefits
Species B: Harmed

A

parasitism

72
Q

A ___ ____ is an arrangement of the organisms according to the order of predation in which one uses another as a food source. It also shows the flow of energy in an ecosystem.it allows one to identify what eats what.

A

food chain

73
Q

The ___ _____ refers to the position of organisms in the food chain.

A

trophic level

74
Q

A ___ ____ shows interlocking food chains. It allows one to see the precise feeding relationship among populations of organisms.

A

food web

75
Q

The ___ ___ is the part of the natural ecosystem in which food, nutrients, and energy are transmitted from one organism to another organism

A

food chain

76
Q

the ___ ___ is a system in which numerous food chains are interconnected with each other.

A

food web

77
Q

_______ are complex systems that can be characterized by community structure (the number and size of populations and their interactions) and community dynamics (how the members and their interactions change over time).

A

Communities

78
Q

(the number and size of populations and their interactions)

A

community structure

79
Q

(how the members and their interactions change over time)

A

community dynamics

80
Q

A _____ ____ is one whose presence has inordinate influence in maintaining the prevalence of various species, the ecological community’s structure, and sometimes its biodiversity.

A

keystone species

81
Q

____ _____ are the changes in community structure and composition over time, often following environmental disturbances such as volcanoes, earthquakes, storms, fires, and climate change.

A

Community dynamics

82
Q

Communities with a relatively constant number of species are said to be at ____. The _____ is dynamic with species identities and relationships changing over time, but maintaining relatively constant numbers.

A

equilibrium

83
Q

_____ describes the sequential appearance and disappearance of species in a community over time after a severe disturbance.

A

Succession

84
Q

In ____ succession, newly exposed or newly formed rock is colonized by living organisms.

A

primary

85
Q

In ___ succession, a part of an ecosystem is disturbed and remnants of the previous community remain.

A

secondary

86
Q

Carolus Linnaeus invented ____ _______, the system of giving each type of organism a genus and species name.

A

binomial nomenclature

87
Q

All types of food chains have (BLANK) as its components.

A

sunlight, producer, consumer, and decomposer

88
Q
  • Overpopulation
  • Pollution
  • Global Warming
  • Genetic Modification
  • Ocean Acidification
  • Overfishing
  • Deforestation
  • Acid Rain
  • Ozone Depletion
A

HUMAN IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT

2nd TERM 2nd SEM (3 decks)

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