Reading Check #3 Flashcards
Executive function measures (EF)
- used 3 tasks that measure response inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility
- Go/no go task
- N-back task
- Wisconsin card sorting-like task (WCST)
Go/no go task
- used for response inhibition and sustained attention
- participants tap corresponding key when “Go” stimuli (blue rectangles) presented and inhibit when “no-go” stimuli (black rectangles) presented
- measures RTs, commission errors and omission errors
- increase in commission and omission error rates have indicated greater impulsivity or sustained attention impairments
commission errors
% of non-responses for “go” stimuli
omission errors
% responses for “no-go” stimuli
N-back task
- measure of working memory function
- alternates conditions with 2 WM load levels
- 1-back condition: have to decide if stimulus on screen is identical to previous stimulus
- 2-back condition: have to decide if stimulus on screen is identical to stimulus presented 2 steps back
- accuracy % of 2 conditions are recorded
- conditions represent measures of WM @ low and high load
Wisconsin Card Sorting-like Task (WSCT)
- measures cognitive flexibility
- stimulus cards are presented in left to right order
- response cards presented 1 by 1 according to specific criterion
- asked to sort the cards according to a rule that is not explicitly stated
-The rule could be based on colour, shape, or number - following indices were recorded: # of completing sets, # of maintaining set failures, # of preservation errors, and # of non-preservation errors
- indices associated with chronic consumption of cannabis
how emotional processing was assessed
- static facial affect recognition task used
- participants required to recognize diff types of facial expressions of 5 emotions of 4 diff faces (2 males and 2 females)
- calculated participants’ proportion of accuracy, false alarms, sensitivity (Pr), and response bias (Br) in each emotion
Results of Go/No go task
RT:
- SC users significantly slower than non and rec users
- no diff between non and rec
- stayed significant with anxiety, depression and schizotypal as covaraite
- no longer significant with cigs as covariate
Omission Errors:
- SC users had significantly more than non users
- no diff between SC and rec and rec and non
- stayed significant with anxiety, depression and schizotypal as covaraite
- no longer significant with cigs as covariate
Comission Errors:
- no significant diffs between groups
Results of N-back task
- group (SC, non, rec) as between subject factors
- memory load (1 or 2 back) as within subjects factor
- accuracy scores in 1-back were significantly higher than in 2-back
- SC users were significantly less accurate than non and rec users
- no diff between rec and non
- effect stayed significant with tobacco (cigs), anxiety, and depression as covariates
Results of WSCT
Set completion:
- SC users: completed significantly less sets than non and rec users
- no diff between non and rec users
- stayed significant with cigs, schizotypal trait, anxiety, and depression as covariates
Maintaining Sets:
- SC users: performed significantly more failures than non users
- no diff between SC and rec, and non and rec
- remained significant with cig and anxiety as covariates
- reduced to trend with depression and diminished with schizotypal
Non-Perservative and Perservative errors:
- SC users: performed significantly more than non and rec users
- no diff between non and rec
- stayed significant with cigs, schizotypal trait, anxiety, and depression as covariates
accuracy results on emotional processing task
- no significant difference between non and rec users
- SC users significantly less accurate than non users
- SC users less accurate than rec users but not significant
- stayed significant with cigs and anxiety as covaraites
- not significant with depression and schizotypal as covariates
- no effect of type of emotion
false alarm results on emotional processing task
- no significant difference between non and rec users
- SC users significantly more than non users
- SC users more than rec users but not significant
- stayed significant with cigs and anxiety as covaraites
- not significant with depression and schizotypal as covariates
- no effect of type of emotion
sensitivity results on emotional processing task
- no significant difference between non and rec users
- SC users significantly lower than non users
- SC users lower than rec users but not significant
- stayed significant with cigs and anxiety as covaraites
- not significant with depression and schizotypal as covariates
- no effect of type of emotion
response bias results on emotional processing task
- effect of emotion type found
- no significant differences between the groups
relation between age of 1st cannabinoid use and task performance
SC and rec users: no significant correlation between age of 1st use and outcomes of the 3 tasks
