Reading assignment information-Chapter 7 The EYE Flashcards
What nerve is considered the “work horse” of the eye?
CN 3 (oculomotor)
What muscles are NOT innervated by CN3?
LR6SO4: Lateral rectus (CN 6) and Superior Oblique (CN4)
What are the 3 parts of the near reflex?
Accommodation
Convergence
Pupillary Constriction
What is the direct effect?
The constriction of the pupil of the eye on which the light is shined
What is the consensual effect?
The simultaneous constriction of the opposite pupil
Define accommodation
near focusing of the eye by increasing the power of the lens by contraction of the ciliary muscle innervated by CN3
What side of the eye is the optic disc located in?
the nasal side
What landmarks can you use to find the optic disc?
The anastomosis of the vessels will point towards the optic disk
What is the normal cup to disc ratio?
the cup should be 30% the size of the disc diameter
What are the major symptoms of eye disease?
Loss of vision Eye pain Diplopia Tearing and dryness Discharge Redness
What 2 questions must you ask when a pt c/o loss of vision?
Did the loss of vision occur suddenly?
Is the eye painful?
What questions must you ask if the pt states they have eye pain?
describe the pain? did it come on suddenly? Photophobia? Pain when you blink? FB sensation? H/A? Pain w/ movement? Pain over brow on same side? contact lenses?
What is the most common condition of dry eye?
inadequate amount of the water layer of tears-keratoconjunctivits sicca “dry eye syndrome”
What types of eye discharge exist? And what do they mean?
Watery/mucoid=viral or allergic
Purulent=bacterial infection
What does the physical exam of the eye include?
Visual acuity Visual fields Ocular movements External and internal eye structure Ophthalmoscopic exam
for VA: the first number on the chart is the distance at which ________ reads the chart; and the second number is the distance at which ________ reads the chart.
1st number : the distance at which the PATIENT reads the chart.
2nd number : the distance at which the person with normal vision can read the same line of the chart.
abbrev: OD
R eye
abbrev: OS
L eye
abbrev: OU
both eyes
How might you evaluate a patient who cannot read any line of print on the charts?
Finger counting ability
How might you evaluate a patient who cannot see well enough finger counting?
ability to see light
define scotoma?
An area of depressed vision
What is the physiological scotoma?
The “blind spot” located approx 15 to 20 degrees temporal to central fixation-it corresponds with the optic nerve head.
define hemianospia?
absence of half of the visual field