Reading and Writing Skills Flashcards
Set of written words, phrases and sentences that are coherently combined to convey a central idea to its readers
Text
It is an extended expression of ideas about a certain topic
Discourse
Text is considered a ___________ because it is a form of communication that conveys
meaning through a sequence of interconnected elements, such as words, phrases and
sentences
Connected Discourse
It is a process of decoding the meaning of written symbols presented in text, because as you read, you connect with the texts.
Reading as a Connected Discourse
Give the 3 reading stage
Pre-Reading Stage, While Reading Stage, Post-Reading Stage
(Reading Stage) Activation of prior knowledge, Setting expectations and clues to identify the purpose of reading, Reading titles, and subtitles, Looking for pictures, tables, and figures.
Pre-Reading Stage
(Reading Stage) Connecting previous knowledge, Using reading strategies, Annotation
While Reading Stage
(Reading Stage)Summarize, reflect, and conclude. Evaluate texts and decide whether to agree or not.
Post-Reading Stage
Give the 3 Techniques for Selecting and Organizing Information
Brainstorming, Graphic Organizers, Outline
(Techniques)Collecting information,
Gather thoughts and write the specific topics
Brainstorming
(Techniques) Visual and structures; representation of ideas and concepts.
Helps to easily see the relationship
Graphic Organizers
(Techniques) Plan to arrange ideas according to their hierarchy of importance or chronology
Outline
(Examples of Graphic Organizer) Relationship between and among ideas or concepts
Concept Map
(Examples of Graphic Organizer) Grouped according to its criteria or similarities
Cluster Map
(Examples of Graphic Organizer) Shows cause-effect relationship
Fishbone Map
(Examples of Graphic Organizer) Circles of similarities and differences
Venn Diagram
(Examples of Graphic Organizer) Steps involved in a process
Flow Chart
(Examples of Graphic Organizer) Steps involved are continuous and repeated
Cycle Diagram
(Examples of Graphic Organizer) Learning experiences
K - What I know
W - What I want to know
L - What I learned
H - How can I learn more
KWLH Chart
(Examples of Graphic Organizer) Representation of events to see their chronological order
Time Line
(Examples of Graphic Organizer) Plot of story to sequence the events
Plot Diagram
Give the 2 types of outline
Alphanumeric (traditional) and Decimal (modern)
(Types of outline) Combination of Roman numbers and letters in labelling the headings and subheadings
Alphanumeric (traditional)
Give the 4 Properties of a Well-Written Text
Organization, Coherence & Cohesion, Language Use, Language Mechanics
(Properties of a Well-Written Text) Refers to the arrangement of ideas in a text.
Achieved when these ideas are logically and accurately arranged
Organization
Give the 3 Techniques of Organization For a Well-Written Text
Physical Format, Signal Words, Structure
(Techniques of Organization) - It is seen in how the text physically appear like headings and subheadings, bullet points or font emphasis
Physical Format
(Techniques of Organization) Are textual cues that readers can use to follow a text. They can signal the transition from one point to another, the ordering of events and concepts, or the writer’s chosen text type
Signal Words
(Techniques of Organization) The ????provides the framework upon which the text is organized.
Structure
Give the 2 Types of Structure
Deductive Organization and Inductive Organization
(Types of Structure) From specific instances to a general conclusion
Inductive Organization
(Types of Structure) From general premises to the specifics that prove/disprove the premises
Deductive Organization
(Properties of a Well-Written Text) Relationship of ideas between sentences.
Refers to the overall sense of unity in the passage including both the main point of sentences and main point of each
paragraph
Coherence
(Properties of a Well-Written Text) The grammatical and lexical relationship between different elements of a text which hold it together
Cohesion
Words that give readers an idea of how the points in your paragraph are progressing
Signal Devices
3 examples of Signal devices
Repetition, synonyms, Pronouns
(examples of Signal devices) Could be a word, phrase, or a full sentence, or a poetical line repeated to emphasize its significance in the entire text.
Repetition
(examples of Signal devices) Words that have same meaning.
These are words similar in meaning to important words or phrases that prevents tedious repetitions
Synonyms
(examples of Signal devices) Words that connect readers to the original words that the pronouns replace
Pronoun
2 Types of Language Use
Formal and Informal
(Properties of a Well-Written Text) Appropriateness of word or vocabulary usage. The right choice of words in writing can help us become effective communicators. It pertains primarily to diction and synonyms and antonyms, which refers to choosing the right word for the specific content
Language use
(Language Use) Be direct and simple
Used in writing for one’s self or in your writing to family, friends and colleagues
Informal
(Properties of a Well-Written Text) Correct and proper use of spelling, punctuation marks, and capitalization
Language Mechanics
(Language Use) Used an unbiased language
Used in writing academic, business, and official texts
Formal
What are the 3 Language Mechanics
Spelling, Punctuation, Capitalization
(Language Mechanics) Make sure that you are consistently using one standard with regard to the ______ of your words
Spelling
(Language Mechanics) Use _____ based on the impact and thought you want to emphasize in your text
Punctuation
(Language Mechanics) Consider the conventions in capitalizing words such as proper nouns and titles
Capitalization
Writing patterns helps us focus our attention on a text and anticipate where it is going; remember what we read; and
develop our writing
Patterns of Development
(Patterns of Development) This paragraph follows a chronological order of writing. It uses transition words to maintain coherence and show movement
Narration
(Patterns of Development) In this pattern, transitional words are used to indicate location. Details referring to physical aspects like how the subject looks, sounds, feels, smells, or even tastes like are the ingredients of this method development
Description
(Patterns of Development) A term is defined, its class, and its specific details. You can define by characteristics, function, what is not, and what is similar to, such as origins or effects. It can be scientific or subjective. Transitional devices include scientific/subjective
Definition
(Patterns of Development) This sort of text utilizes detailed illustrations for clarification. It can be in the form of a story, an anecdote, a quotation or a
statistic. Transitional devices include words for illustration
Exemplification
(Patterns of Development) Comparison examines how subjects are similar, while contrast emphasizes how subjects are different
Comparison and Contrast
(Patterns of Development) This technique explores why things happen and what happens as a result. Words that show effect are, for this reason, it follows, as a result, as a consequence
Cause and Effect
(Patterns of Development) In division, a category is divided into subcategories, while classification, the writer develops criteria in the subcategories based on their relationship
Division and Classification
(Patterns of Development) A problem is being presented and a solution. Why it has become a problem is also discussed, leading to a conclusion highlighting the connection between the problem and solution
Problem-Solution
(Patterns of Development) This method involves facts that make the paragraph more convincing
Persuasion
Give the 2 Types of Claims
Explicit and Implicit
(Types of Claims) Any idea that is stated or found in the text
Explicit
(Examples of Claims) A claim asserts some empirical truth.
ex: The k-12 curriculum has successfully been implemented since 2013
Claim of Fact
(Types of Claims) A claim asserts that an action should be taken being suggested through the text’s details, which serves as a clue
Implicit
Give the 3 Examples of Claims
Claim of Fact, Claim of Value, Claim of Policy
(Examples of Claims) A claim that asserts that an action should be taken
Ex: The Government ought to increase the salary of healthcare workers
Claim of Policy
(Examples of Claims)A claim that asserts judgment
Ex: Boracay is the best island in the world
Claim of Value
