General Biology 2

Question 1

Its when the DNA is touched, moved, cut, or increased

Answer 1

Genetic Engineering

Question 2

The process of joining 2 or more DNA molecules to create a hybrid

Answer 2

Recombinant DNA/Technology

Question 2

It could be used as a vector for recombinant DNA

Answer 2

Bacterial Plasmid

Question 3

The main goal is about the benefits for humans

Answer 3

Genetically Modified Organisms GMO

Question 4

Process of making an exact duplicate of the genetic material

Answer 4

Gene Cloning

Question 5

a carrier used to transfer foreign genes into host cells

Answer 5

Vector/Plasmid

Question 6

What is used to ‘cut’ the bacterial plasmid open?

Answer 6

Restriction Enzyme

Question 7

What molecule is used to ‘glue’ the required gene into the plasmid?

Answer 7

Ligase Enzyme

Question 8

What occurs after the gene of interest is extracted and the plasmid is cut open?

Answer 8

The gene of interest is inserted into the plasmid

Question 9

Why is the genetically modified plasmid added to a bacterial cell?

Answer 9

To enhance the genes

Question 10

What is the organelle of the cell that contains genetic information

Answer 10

Nucleus

Question 11

What ethical concerns are associated with genetic engineering?

Answer 11

unequal distribution of genetic modifications.

Question 12

He is known for his contributions in evolutionary biology

Answer 12

Charles Robert Darwin

Question 13

What is the selective agent in Natural selection?

Answer 13

Environment

Question 14

The concept that species inherit characteristics that enhance their survival and reproduction is known as what?

Answer 14

Natural Selection

Question 15

When a population is not evolving, it is in a state called

Answer 15

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Question 16

Refers to the genetic makeup of an organism.
It describes an organism’s complete set of genes.

Answer 16

Genotype

Question 17

Refers to the observable physical properties of an organism.
It includes the organism’s appearance, development, and behavior.

Answer 17

Phenotype

Question 18

Percentage of Allele in a population

Answer 18

Genetic Frequency

Question 19

Give the 4 Mechanisms of Evolution

Answer 19

Mutation, Gene Flow, Genetic Drift, Natural Selection

Question 20

(Mechanisms of Evolution) The original source of all genetic variation. It creates a new DNA sequence for a particular gene creating a new allele.

Answer 20

Mutation

Question 21

(Mechanisms of Evolution) It involves the movement of genes into our out of a population due to either the movement of individual organisms or
their gametes

Answer 21

Gene Flow

Question 22

(Mechanisms of Evolution) It involves changes in allele frequency due to chance events literally “sampling error” in selecting alleles for the next generation

Answer 22

Genetic Drift

Question 23

(Mechanisms of Evolution) It occurs when one allele (or combination of alleles of different genes) makes an organism more or less fit
It can survive and reproduce in a given environment

Answer 23

Natural Selection

Question 24

Type of Genetic Drift in which a population is sharply reduced in size, due to certain events, leading to a loss of genetic diversity.

Answer 24

Bottleneck Effect

Question 25

Type of Genetic Drift in which a small group separates from a larger population, establishing a new population
with a gene pool that may differ from the original population.

Answer 25

Founder Effect

Question 26

What term is used to describe new species forming from a common ancestor

Answer 26

Speciation

Question 27

Why is the survival of the fittest important for evolution

Answer 27

It allows the passing on of positive traits

Question 28

Why mutations are important?

Answer 28

They bring the genetic variation needed for a population to evolve

Question 29

Refers to large-scale changes that occur over extended time periods such as the formation of new species and groups

Answer 29

Macroevolution

Question 30

Refers to small-scale changes that affect just one or a few genes and happen in populations over shorter timescales

Answer 30

Microevolution

Question 31

What evidence of evolution explains that the common structures are shared in the embryo stage and disappear by the time the embryo reaches the juvenile or adult form

Answer 31

Evidence from Embryology

Question 32

The structures with the same set of bones with different function

Answer 32

Homologous Structure

Question 33

The structures that perform the same function but have very different embryological development or set of structures like bones

Answer 33

Analogous Structure

Question 34

What evidence of the evolution has the same genetic material (DNA)
The same or highly similar genetic codes
The same basic process of gene expression (transcription and translation)
The same molecular building blocks, such as amino acids

Answer 34

Evidence from Molecular Biology

Question 35

What evidence of evolution explains that similar organisms may also be found in different locations which could mean that the two places were previously connected

Answer 35

Evidence from Biogeography

Question 36

What evidence of evolution explains that the records found in the rocks show a gradual evolutionary descent from simpler to more complex life forms

Answer 36

Evidence from the fossil record

Question 37

The appendix and tailbone are examples of

Answer 37

vestigial structure

Question 38

Why do scientist look for fossils?

Answer 38

to derive evolutionary relationships