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IELTS > Reading > Flashcards

Reading Flashcards

1
Q

boom (v)

A

of business/economy : to have a period of rapid growth; to become bigger, more successful, etc

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2
Q

wilderness (n)

A

-a large area of land that has never been developed or used for growing crops because it is difficult to live there
Ex: The Antarctic is the world’s last great wilderness
a wilderness area ( = one where it is not permitted to build houses or road )
- a place that people do not take care of or control
Idiom : In the wilderness: no longer in an important, especially in politics

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3
Q

fragile (adj)

A

-easily broken or damaged
fragile china/glass/bones
-weak and uncertain; easily destroyed or spoilt
a fragile alliance/ceasefire/relationship
-delicate and often beautiful
fragile beauty
The woman’s fragile face broke into a smile

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4
Q

seasonality (n)

A

the fact of varying with the seasons

a high degree of climatic seasonality

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5
Q

harsh (adj)

harshness (n)

A

-cruel, severe and unkind
The minister received some harsh criticism
-(of weather or living conditions) very difficult and unpleasant to live in
a harsh winter/wind/climate
the harsh conditions of poverty which existed for most people at that time

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6
Q

prevailing (adj)

A

-existing or most common at a particular time
synonym: current, predominant
the prevailing economic

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7
Q

draw (v)

A

-to attract or interest somebody
draw somebody : The movie is drawing large audience
draw somebody to something: Her screams drew passers - by to the scene

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8
Q

Indigenous (adj)

A

belonging to a particular place rather than coming to it from somewhere else
Synonym: native
the indigenous people/languages of the area
indigenous to … The kangaroo is indigenous to Australia

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9
Q

Prime (adj)

A

main; most important;basic
My prime concern is to protect my property
Winning is not the prime objective in this sport

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10
Q

profound (adj)

A

-very great; felt or experience very strongly
The news came as a profound shock
The report has profound implications for schools
-showing great knowledge or understanding: profound insights/ a profound book

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11
Q

insufficient (adj)

insufficiency (n)

A

not large, strong or important enough for a particular purpose
Synonym : inadequate
insufficient time
His salary is insufficient to meet his needs

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12
Q

culprit (n)

A

-a person who has done something wrong or against the law
The police quickly identified the real culprits
-a person or things responsible for causing a problem
The main culprit in the current crisis seems to be modern farming techniques

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13
Q

undermine (v)

A

undermine something to make something, especially somebody’s confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective
This crisis has undermined his position
Recent changes have undermined teacher’s morale

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14
Q

be associated

A

be linked with = be related to

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15
Q

legion (adj)

A

[not before noun] formal : very many

Synonym : numerous: The medical uses of herb are legion

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16
Q

minimize (v)

A

limit
minimize something : to try to make something seem less important than it really is
Synonym : play down
He always tried to minimize his own faults, while exaggerating those of others

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17
Q

reinvigorate (v)

A

reinvigorate something/somebody : to give new energy or strength to something/ somebody
We need to reinvigorate the economy of the area

18
Q

renaissance (n)

A

a situation when there is a new interest in a particular subject, form of art, etc after a period when it was not very popular
Synonym : revival
The British film industry is currently enjoying something of renaissance
Sự phục hưng

19
Q

communal (adj)

communality (n)

A

-shared by, or for the use of, a number of people, especially people who live together
synonym: shared
A communal kitchen/garden
As a student he tried communal living for a few years
-involving different groups of people in a community
communal violence between religious groups

20
Q

transient (adj)

transience (n)

A

-continuing for only a short time
synonym: fleeting , temporary
The transient nature of speech
-staying or working in a place for only a short time, before moving on
a city with a large transient population (=of students, temporary workers, etc)
Sự tạm thời, sự thoáng qua

21
Q

Repatriate (v)

A

-repatriate somebody: to send or bring somebody back to their own country
The refugees were forcibly repatriated
-repatriate something (business) to send money or profits back to your own company
An agreement between the countries enables companies to repatriate their profits freely

22
Q

accrue (v)
accrual (n)
The accrual of interest

A

-to increase over a period of time
Interest will accrue if you keep your money in a savings account
-accrue (to somebody) (from something) economic benefits accruing to the country from
synonym: accumulate: The firm had accrued debts of over 6m$

23
Q

tundra (n)

A

The large flat Arctic regions of northern Europe, Asia and North America where no trees grow and where the soil below the surface of the ground is always frozen

24
Q

Pueblo (n)

A

A member of a group of native american people who line in the US states of Arizona and New mexico

25
Q

penetrate (v)

A

to go into or through something
Penetrate something :
The knife had penetrated his chest
Penetrate into/through/ to something: These fine particles penetrate deep into the lungs

26
Q

venture (n)

A

a business project or activity, especially one that involves taking risks
synonym : undertaking
A disastrous business venture lost him thousands of dollars
At a venture : accidentally / riskily
Venture (v) : venture something (on something) to risk losing something valuable or important if you are not successful at something. ( Liều )
Synonym : gamble : It was wrong to venture his finacial security on such a risky deal
Phrasal Verbs
Venture into/on something
To do something, even though it involves risks. This is the first time the company has ventured into movie production.

27
Q

aspiration (n)

A

a strong desire to have or do something: I didn’t realize you had a political aspirations
aspiration to do something: He has never had any aspiration to earn a lot of money
aspiration for something: What changes are needed to meet women’s aspirations for employment ?

28
Q

exceed (v)

A

exceed something to be greater than a particular number or amount
The Price will now exceed 100$
His achievements have exceeded expectations

29
Q

Excess (n)

A

more than is necessary, reasonable or acceptable
You can throw any excess
excess of something: Are you suffering from an excess of stress in your life?
In an excess of enthusiasm I agreed to work late
He started drinking to excess after losing his job

30
Q

regardless of (prep)

A

paying no attention to something/somebody; treating something/somebody as not being important
The club welcomes all new member regardless of age

31
Q

assure (v)

A 
to tell somebody that something is definitely true or is definitely going to happen, especially when have doubts about it
somebody (that)... you think I did it deliberately, but I assure you (that) I did not
We were assured that everything possible was being done
She's perfectly safe, I can assure you
assure somebody (of something) We assured him of our support
I won't let you down, I can assure you of that
assure somebody + speech: "He'll come back" Susan assured her
32
Q

Ensure (v)

A

to make sure that something happens or is definite
ensure something: The book ensured his success
ensure somebody something: Victory ensured them a place in the final
ensure (that)… Please ensure (that) all lights are switched off

33
Q

adapt (v)

adaptive (adj)

A

-to change something in order to make it suitable for a new use or situation
synonym: modify
adapt something: These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes
adapt something for something : Most of these tools have been specially adapted for used by disabled people
Synonym : adjust
It’s amazing how soon you adapt
The organisms were forced to adapt in order to survive
adapt to something: We have had to adapt quickly to the new system
A large organization can be slow to adapt to change
adapt yourself to something : It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings

34
Q

germinate (v)

A

germinate (something) when the seed of a plant germinates or is germinated, it starts to grow:
(figurative) An idea for a novel began to germinate in her mind
Germination (n): Keep the seeds in warm, damp conditions to encourage germination

35
Q

extraordinary (adj)

A

-unexpected, surprising or strange
Synonym : incredible
It’s extraordinary that he managed to sleep through the party
The president took the extraordinary step of apologizing publicly for his behaviour
-not normal or ordinary; greater or better than usual
an extraordinary achievement

36
Q

perennial (adj)

A

-continuing for a very long time; happening again and again
the perennial problem of water shortage
that perennial favourite, hamburgers
-(of plants) living for two years or more

37
Q

cope with (v)

A

deal with

38
Q

convert (v)

A

change, transform

convert sth into sth: The hotel is going to be converted into a nursing home

39
Q

variation (n)

A

-variation (in/of something) a change, especially in the amount or level of something
The dial records very slight variations in pressure
Currency exchange rates are always subject to variation
regional/seasonal variation (depending on the region or time of year)
-variation (on something) a thing that is different from other things in the same general group
This soup is a spicy variation on a traditional favourite

40
Q

maximal (adj)

A

[usually before noun]

as great or as large as possible: It takes several weeks for the treatment to have maximal effect

41
Q

habitat (n)
inhabitant (n)
uninhabited (adj)

A

The place where a particular type of animal or plant is normally found
The panda’s natural habitat is the bamboo forest
inhabit (v) = reside

IELTS (7 decks)

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