Reading Flashcards
boom (v)
of business/economy : to have a period of rapid growth; to become bigger, more successful, etc
wilderness (n)
-a large area of land that has never been developed or used for growing crops because it is difficult to live there
Ex: The Antarctic is the world’s last great wilderness
a wilderness area ( = one where it is not permitted to build houses or road )
- a place that people do not take care of or control
Idiom : In the wilderness: no longer in an important, especially in politics
fragile (adj)
-easily broken or damaged
fragile china/glass/bones
-weak and uncertain; easily destroyed or spoilt
a fragile alliance/ceasefire/relationship
-delicate and often beautiful
fragile beauty
The woman’s fragile face broke into a smile
seasonality (n)
the fact of varying with the seasons
a high degree of climatic seasonality
harsh (adj)
harshness (n)
-cruel, severe and unkind
The minister received some harsh criticism
-(of weather or living conditions) very difficult and unpleasant to live in
a harsh winter/wind/climate
the harsh conditions of poverty which existed for most people at that time
prevailing (adj)
-existing or most common at a particular time
synonym: current, predominant
the prevailing economic
draw (v)
-to attract or interest somebody
draw somebody : The movie is drawing large audience
draw somebody to something: Her screams drew passers - by to the scene
Indigenous (adj)
belonging to a particular place rather than coming to it from somewhere else
Synonym: native
the indigenous people/languages of the area
indigenous to … The kangaroo is indigenous to Australia
Prime (adj)
main; most important;basic
My prime concern is to protect my property
Winning is not the prime objective in this sport
profound (adj)
-very great; felt or experience very strongly
The news came as a profound shock
The report has profound implications for schools
-showing great knowledge or understanding: profound insights/ a profound book
insufficient (adj)
insufficiency (n)
not large, strong or important enough for a particular purpose
Synonym : inadequate
insufficient time
His salary is insufficient to meet his needs
culprit (n)
-a person who has done something wrong or against the law
The police quickly identified the real culprits
-a person or things responsible for causing a problem
The main culprit in the current crisis seems to be modern farming techniques
undermine (v)
undermine something to make something, especially somebody’s confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective
This crisis has undermined his position
Recent changes have undermined teacher’s morale
be associated
be linked with = be related to
legion (adj)
[not before noun] formal : very many
Synonym : numerous: The medical uses of herb are legion
minimize (v)
limit
minimize something : to try to make something seem less important than it really is
Synonym : play down
He always tried to minimize his own faults, while exaggerating those of others
reinvigorate (v)
reinvigorate something/somebody : to give new energy or strength to something/ somebody
We need to reinvigorate the economy of the area
renaissance (n)
a situation when there is a new interest in a particular subject, form of art, etc after a period when it was not very popular
Synonym : revival
The British film industry is currently enjoying something of renaissance
Sự phục hưng
communal (adj)
communality (n)
-shared by, or for the use of, a number of people, especially people who live together
synonym: shared
A communal kitchen/garden
As a student he tried communal living for a few years
-involving different groups of people in a community
communal violence between religious groups
transient (adj)
transience (n)
-continuing for only a short time
synonym: fleeting , temporary
The transient nature of speech
-staying or working in a place for only a short time, before moving on
a city with a large transient population (=of students, temporary workers, etc)
Sự tạm thời, sự thoáng qua
Repatriate (v)
-repatriate somebody: to send or bring somebody back to their own country
The refugees were forcibly repatriated
-repatriate something (business) to send money or profits back to your own company
An agreement between the countries enables companies to repatriate their profits freely
accrue (v)
accrual (n)
The accrual of interest
-to increase over a period of time
Interest will accrue if you keep your money in a savings account
-accrue (to somebody) (from something) economic benefits accruing to the country from
synonym: accumulate: The firm had accrued debts of over 6m$
tundra (n)
The large flat Arctic regions of northern Europe, Asia and North America where no trees grow and where the soil below the surface of the ground is always frozen
Pueblo (n)
A member of a group of native american people who line in the US states of Arizona and New mexico
penetrate (v)
to go into or through something
Penetrate something :
The knife had penetrated his chest
Penetrate into/through/ to something: These fine particles penetrate deep into the lungs
venture (n)
a business project or activity, especially one that involves taking risks
synonym : undertaking
A disastrous business venture lost him thousands of dollars
At a venture : accidentally / riskily
Venture (v) : venture something (on something) to risk losing something valuable or important if you are not successful at something. ( Liều )
Synonym : gamble : It was wrong to venture his finacial security on such a risky deal
Phrasal Verbs
Venture into/on something
To do something, even though it involves risks. This is the first time the company has ventured into movie production.
aspiration (n)
a strong desire to have or do something: I didn’t realize you had a political aspirations
aspiration to do something: He has never had any aspiration to earn a lot of money
aspiration for something: What changes are needed to meet women’s aspirations for employment ?
exceed (v)
exceed something to be greater than a particular number or amount
The Price will now exceed 100$
His achievements have exceeded expectations
Excess (n)
more than is necessary, reasonable or acceptable
You can throw any excess
excess of something: Are you suffering from an excess of stress in your life?
In an excess of enthusiasm I agreed to work late
He started drinking to excess after losing his job
regardless of (prep)
paying no attention to something/somebody; treating something/somebody as not being important
The club welcomes all new member regardless of age
assure (v)
to tell somebody that something is definitely true or is definitely going to happen, especially when have doubts about it somebody (that)... you think I did it deliberately, but I assure you (that) I did not We were assured that everything possible was being done She's perfectly safe, I can assure you assure somebody (of something) We assured him of our support I won't let you down, I can assure you of that assure somebody + speech: "He'll come back" Susan assured her
Ensure (v)
to make sure that something happens or is definite
ensure something: The book ensured his success
ensure somebody something: Victory ensured them a place in the final
ensure (that)… Please ensure (that) all lights are switched off
adapt (v)
adaptive (adj)
-to change something in order to make it suitable for a new use or situation
synonym: modify
adapt something: These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes
adapt something for something : Most of these tools have been specially adapted for used by disabled people
Synonym : adjust
It’s amazing how soon you adapt
The organisms were forced to adapt in order to survive
adapt to something: We have had to adapt quickly to the new system
A large organization can be slow to adapt to change
adapt yourself to something : It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings
germinate (v)
germinate (something) when the seed of a plant germinates or is germinated, it starts to grow:
(figurative) An idea for a novel began to germinate in her mind
Germination (n): Keep the seeds in warm, damp conditions to encourage germination
extraordinary (adj)
-unexpected, surprising or strange
Synonym : incredible
It’s extraordinary that he managed to sleep through the party
The president took the extraordinary step of apologizing publicly for his behaviour
-not normal or ordinary; greater or better than usual
an extraordinary achievement
perennial (adj)
-continuing for a very long time; happening again and again
the perennial problem of water shortage
that perennial favourite, hamburgers
-(of plants) living for two years or more
cope with (v)
deal with
convert (v)
change, transform
convert sth into sth: The hotel is going to be converted into a nursing home
variation (n)
-variation (in/of something) a change, especially in the amount or level of something
The dial records very slight variations in pressure
Currency exchange rates are always subject to variation
regional/seasonal variation (depending on the region or time of year)
-variation (on something) a thing that is different from other things in the same general group
This soup is a spicy variation on a traditional favourite
maximal (adj)
[usually before noun]
as great or as large as possible: It takes several weeks for the treatment to have maximal effect
habitat (n)
inhabitant (n)
uninhabited (adj)
The place where a particular type of animal or plant is normally found
The panda’s natural habitat is the bamboo forest
inhabit (v) = reside
