Reading 1: Leadership Flashcards

Question

BEHAVIORAL THEORIES: DO LEADERS BEHAVE IN PARTICULAR WAYS - EMPIRICAL FINDINGS Findings of the Blake and Moulton studies indicated that managers were found to perform best under?

Answer 1

A 9–9 team management style as contrasted to a 9-1 authority-obedience style or a o1-9 country club style. There is however little substantive evidence to support the conclusion that a 9–9 style is most effective in all situations

Answer 2

1. When subordinates experienced a lot of pressure because of deadlines or unclear task, leaders who are people oriented will increase satisfaction and performance. 2. When the task is interesting or satisfying there is less need for people orientation. 3. When it is clear how to perform the task, and what the goals are, people orientation will lead to greater satisfaction, While task orientation will lead to dissatisfaction 4. When people do not know what to do, or individuals do not have the knowledge or skills to do the job, production orientation is much more important than people orientation

Answer 3

There is no one right style, but that style depends upon the conditions the leader faces.

Answer 4

Theories that note the importance of considering the context within which leadership occurs

Answer 5

1. The Fiedler contingency model 2. Hershey and Blanchard's situational theory 3. The Path-goal theory 4. And substitutes for leadership

Answer 6

Fred Fiedler

Answer 7

The proper match between the leaders style and the degree to which the situation gives control to the leader.

Answer 8

1. Good personal relations with coworkers and thus relationship oriented 2. Interested in productivity and thus task oriented

Answer 9

An individual leadership styles fixed

Answer 10

1. Leader member relations. The degree of confidence, trust, and respect members have in their leaders. 2. Task structured. The degree to which the job assignments are procedurized. example structure or unstructured 3. Position power. The degree of influence a leader has over power variables such as hiring, firing, discipline, promotions, and salary increases

Answer 11

Similar to that between a parent and a child

Answer 12

1. Unable and unwilling: to do a task leader needs to give clear and specific directions - in other words be highly directive 2. Unable but willing: The leader needs to display high task orientation to compensate for the followers lack of ability, and high relationship orientation to get the follower to buy into the leaders desires - in other words sell the task 3. Able but unwilling: the leader needs to use a supportive and participative style. 4. Able and willing: The leader does not need to do much- in other words a laissez-faire approach will work

Answer 13

The theory that a leader's behavior is acceptable to employees in so far as they view it as a source of either immediate or future satisfaction. Essence of the theory is that it is the leaders job to assist followers in attaining their goals to provide the necessary direction and support to ensure that their goals are compatible with the overall objectives of the group or organization. The term path goal arise from the belief that effective leaders both clarify the path to help their followers get from where they are to the achievement of their work goals

Answer 14

1. Determine the outcomes the subordinates want. This might include good pay, job security, interesting work. 2. Reward individuals with their desired outcomes when they perform well. 3. That individuals know what they need to do to receive rewards. Remove any barriers that would prevent high-performance, and expressed confidence that individuals have the ability to perform well.

Answer 15

1. The directive leader: let's followers know what is expected of them, like what work needs to be done and gives guidance as to how to accomplish those tasks. This closely parallels the Ohio State dimension of initiating structure. 2. The supportive leader: is friendly and shows concern for the needs of followers. This is essentially synonymous with the Ohio State dimension of consideration. This behavior is often recommended when individuals are under stress or otherwise show that they need support. 3. The participative leader: consult with followers and uses their suggestions before making a decision. This behavior is appropriate with individuals need to buy into decisions. 4. The achievement oriented leader: sets challenging goals and expect followers to perform at the highest level this works well with individuals who like challenges and are highly motivated. Does not work well with less capable individuals and those who are highly stressed and overworked.

Answer 16

1. Environmental variables that are outside the control of the employee 2. Variables that are Personal characteristics of the employee

Answer 17

The second one is how to lead even when you have not been given the authority.

Answer 18

It means individuals and teams set goals, plan and implement tasks, evaluate performance, solve their own problems, and motivate themselves. Self leadership can also be a substitute or neutralizer for leadership from others.

Answer 19

1. Planning 2. Access management 3. Catch up activities 4. Emotions

Answer 20

It means exhibiting leadership behaviors even though you do not have a formal position or title that might encourage others to obey. Neither Martin Luther King nor Mohammad Gandhi operate from a position of authority.

Answer 21

1. Latitude for creative deviance: because one does not have authority, and the trappings that go with authority, it is easier to raise harder questions and look for less traditional solutions. 2. Issue focus: leading without authority means that one can focus on a single issue, rather than be concerned with the myriad issues that those in authority face. 3. Front-line information: leading without authority means that one is closer to the detailed experiences of some of the stakeholders. Thus more information is available to this kind of leader.