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MSK Week 1 2017/18 > READ ME / 1: Anatomy - gluteal region, femoral triangle, thigh compartments, hip joint > Flashcards

READ ME / 1: Anatomy - gluteal region, femoral triangle, thigh compartments, hip joint Flashcards

1
Q

Thanks for using my flashcards, hope you find them useful!

If you spot any errors or have suggestions, please let me know by clicking the speech bubble or sending me a message. It’s really helpful.

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2
Q

The questions are written using the official Dundee lectures, so you might find it useful to have them open in the background in case you get stuck.

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3
Q

I write the questions based on what I think the important facts are, but not everything is relevant. Don’t waste your time learning tiny details.

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4
Q

On the other hand, this isn’t everything you need to know - back it up with stuff from tutorials, other people’s questions, Youtube videos, Oxford handbooks etc.

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5
Q

There’s a good chance that older decks will be inaccurate (lectures and guidelines change year to year) so I’ll try to update them in the future.

Break a leg 👍

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6
Q

Which blood vessel is found within ligamentum teres?

A

Artery to head of femur

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7
Q

What bony structure loses its blood supply if the ligamentum teres is damaged?

A

Head / neck of femur

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8
Q

What are the six regions of the lower limb?

A

Gluteal

Femoral

Knee

Leg

Ankle

Foot

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9
Q

Name the four muscles in the superficial muscle group of the gluteal region.

A

Gluteus maximus

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

Tensor fascia latae

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10
Q

What is the function of the gluteus muscles and the tensor fascia latae?

A

Extend, abduct and medially rotate the thigh

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11
Q

Which nerve innervates gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

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12
Q

Which nerve innervates the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia latae?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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13
Q

Damage to which nerve causes Trendelenburg’s Gait?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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14
Q

Name four muscles in the deep muscle group of the gluteal region.

A

Piriformis

Obturator internus (sandwiched by gemelli)

Gemelli (twins)

Quadratus femoris (square)

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15
Q

What is the nerve supply to the muscles of the deep muscle group of the gluteal region?

A

Sacral plexus

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16
Q

Through which holes in the pelvis do nerves enter and exit?

A

Greater and lesser sciatic foramen

Obturator foramen

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17
Q

What are the three major bony parts of the pelvis?

A

Ilium

Pubic bone

Ischium

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18
Q

Without ligaments forming their outer borders, the sciatic foraminae are known as sciatic notches.

Which ligaments form the foraminae?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament (sacrum <> ischial tuberosity) forms the lesser sciatic foramen

Sacrospinous ligament (sacrum <> ischial spine) forms the greater sciatic foramen

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19
Q

Into which quadrant of the gluteal region are injections usually given?

Why?

A

Superior lateral quadrant

Avoids structures like nerves, arteries and veins

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20
Q

What is the largest nerve in the body?

A

Sciatic nerve

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21
Q

What are the spinal cord levels of the sciatic nerve?

A

L4 - S3

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22
Q

What does the sciatic nerve bifurcate into?

A

Tibial nerve

Common fibular nerve

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23
Q

Which spinal nerve supplies the perineum and keeps the “pelvis” off the floor?

A

Pudendal nerve

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24
Q

Which nerve supplies the skin of much of the back of the thigh, popliteal fossa and lateral perineum?

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

25
Q

What spinal levels supply the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh?

A

S1 - S3

s123 does the back of the knee???

26
Q

Which deep gluteal muscle does the sciatic nerve emerge inferior to?

A

Piriformis

27
Q

Does the sciatic nerve supply anything in the gluteal region?

A

No

28
Q

The sciatic nerve is so big that it has its own artery - what is it called?

A

Artery to the sciatic nerve

29
Q

Laterally to medially, what are the structures found in the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral NERVE (not found in the femoral sheathe)

Femoral ARTERY

Femoral VEIN

LYMPHATICS

30
Q

The femoral artery, vein and lymphatic vessels are enclosed in the femoral ___.

A

sheathe

31
Q

Is the femoral nerve found in the femoral sheathe?

A

No

32
Q

What forms the superior boundary of the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament

(inferior aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle)

33
Q

What forms the medial boundary of the femoral triangle?

A

Lateral border of the adductor longus muscle

34
Q

What forms the lateral boundary of the femoral triangle?

A

Medial border of the sartorius muscle

35
Q

What forms the “floor” of the femoral triangle?

A

Pectineus

Iliopsoas

36
Q

What forms the “roof” of the femoral triangle?

A

Deep fascia

37
Q

Fascia forms compartments around muscles - what disease involves increased pressure in these compartments?

What can cause this?

How is it treated?

A

Compartment syndrome

Swelling, bleeding

Fasciotomy

38
Q

How many compartments does the thigh have?

What are they called?

A

Three

Anterior, posterior and medial compartments

39
Q

How many compartments does the leg have?

What are they called?

A

Three

Anterior, posterior and lateral compartments

40
Q

What are the four muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Quadriceps femoris

Sartorius

Iliopsoas

Pectineus

41
Q

What is the function of the sartorius, pectineus and iliopsoas?

A

Flexors of thigh

42
Q

What is the function of the quadriceps femoris?

A

Extensor of leg

43
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

What is the one exception?

A

Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Psoas major (L1, L2, L3)

44
Q

What are the five muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

What is their common function?

A

Obturator externus

Adductor brevis

Adductor longus

Adductor magnus

Gracilis

Adduction of the thigh

45
Q

Which nerve supplies the five muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

What is the only exception?

A

Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Hamstring part of adductor magnus (tibial nerve)

46
Q

What are the three muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

What are their two functions?

A

Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

Extensors of the thigh

Flexors of the leg

47
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

What is the exception?

A

Tibial nerve (S5, L1, L2)*

Short head of biceps femoris - Common fibular nerve

48
Q

What type of joint (specifically) is the hip joint?

A

Synovial ball & socket joint

49
Q

Which parts of the femur and pelvis form the ball and socket of the hip joint respectively?

A

Ball - head of femur

Socket - acetabulum of pelvis

50
Q

The hip joint is highly mobile, capable of flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and medial/lateral rotations.

What term can be used to describe the combination of all these movements?

A

Circumduction

51
Q

The hip joint is surrounded by a ___, with an external ___ layer and an internal ___ layer which secretes ___ ___.

A

capsule

fibrous , membranous

synovial fluid

52
Q

Which part of the femur commonly fractures?

A

Neck of femur

53
Q

The fibrous layer of the hip capsule forms four ___ which strengthen the joint. What are they called?

A

ligaments

Iliofemoral ligament

Pubofemoral ligament

Ischiofemoral ligament

Ligament to head of femur

54
Q

From which artery does the deep femoral artery arise?

A

Common femoral artery

55
Q

Which arteries supply the hip joint?

A

Medial and lateral circumflex (femoral) arteries

56
Q

What do the medial and lateral circumflex arteries of the hip joint eventually do?

A

Anastomose

57
Q

Which arteries, extending from the medial and lateral circumflex arteries, extend to the head of the femur?

A

Retinacular arteries

58
Q

Apart from retinacular arteries, a named artery directly supplies the head of the femur - what is it called?

A

Artery to head of femur

59
Q

Which artery supplies the artery to head of femur?

From which artery does it arise?

A

Obturator artery

Internal iliac artery

(Remember that the common femoral arises from the external iliac.)

MSK Week 1 2017/18 (10 decks)

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