Reactivity of Metals Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equation for a reaction between a metal and water?

A

Metal + water → Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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2
Q

What is the order of reactivity? Describe their reactions with water and acid

A

Potassium - reacts quickly with cold water - vigorous reaction with acid
Sodium - reacts quickly with cold water - vigorous reaction with acid
Calcium - reacts quickly with cold water - vigorous reaction with acid
Magnesium - very slow reaction with water - reaction becoming less vigorous
Aluminium - none - reaction becoming less vigorous
Zinc - reacts with steam - reaction becoming less vigorous
Carbon (not a metal)
Iron - reacts with steam - reaction becoming less vigorous
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper - no reaction with water - no reaction with acid
Silver - no reaction with water - no reaction with acid
Gold - no reaction with water - no reaction with acid
Platinum - no reaction with water - no reaction with acid

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3
Q

Why does aluminium not react with water?

A

It has a layer of aluminium oxide which stops the water from reacting with the metal below

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4
Q

Why does calcium not react as quickly with sulfuric acid?

A

A layer of insoluble calcium sulfate forms which slows down the reaction

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5
Q

Why does magnesium react very slowly with water?

A

A sparingly soluble layer of magnesium hydroxide forms which slows the reaction

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6
Q

How does displacement work?

A

A more reactive metal displaces another metal from a metal compound, this means that the more reactive metal is now part of the compound and the less reactive metal is on it’s own as an element

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7
Q

What is an ore?

A

A rock that contains enough metal to make the extraction of the metal economical

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8
Q

What is a low-grade ore?

A

A rock that contains too little metal to make the extraction worthwhile

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9
Q

What form are unreactive metals found in in the earth’s crust?

A

Their native state (uncombined with other metals) however they may naturally occur as alloys (mixtures of metals)

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10
Q

What is the trend in how easily a metal corrodes in terms of reactivity?

A

The less reactive a metal is the slower it corrodes, until it gets to gold and below which don’t corrode

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11
Q

How are metals that are more reactive than carbon extracted?

A

Using electrolysis of the molten compound

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12
Q

How are metals less reactive than carbon extracted?

A

Using reduction of its oxide using carbon

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13
Q

What is the example reaction of oxidation using carbon?

A

Metal compound + carbon → Metal + carbon compound

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14
Q

Why do metals such as silver and gold not need to extracted?

A

They are naturally found as the element

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15
Q

How can copper be extracted other than using reduction with carbon?

A

Using displacement with scrap iron, iron is more reactive than copper so it can displace it from a compound

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16
Q

What is phytoextraction?

A

Biological method of extraction that uses plants, it extracts metal compounds from the ground

17
Q

How does phytoextraction work?

A
  • Metal compounds is absorbed by roots of a plant
  • Plant concentrates metal compounds in its shoots and roots
  • The plant is then burned
  • The ash contains metal compounds
18
Q

What is bioleaching?

A

Biological method of metal extraction using bacteria

19
Q

How does bioleaching of copper sulfide work?

A
  • Sulfide ions (S2-) are oxidised by the bacteria
  • Copper sulfide ores break down
  • Cu2+ ions are released
  • A leachate is produced containing a high concentration of copper ions
  • Copper can be obtained from the leachate using scrap iron
20
Q

What are the key facts about low-grade ores?

A
  • They’re more common that high-grade ores
  • They’re less profitable
  • Take more energy to extract
  • Produce more waste
21
Q

What are the advantages of recycling metals?

A
  • Metal ores will last longer
  • Less energy is needed than extraction
  • Fewer quarries are needed
  • Less noise and dust is produced
22
Q

What are the disadvantages of recycling metals?

A
  • Used metal items must be collected and transported to the recycling centre
  • Different metals must be removed from used items and sorted
  • Recycling won’t always save a lot of energy as it depends on the metal involved
23
Q

What are the basic stages of a life-cycle assessment?

A
  • Raw materials are obtained
  • These materials are manufactured into the product
  • The product is used
  • The product is disposed of