Groups Flashcards
What properties do the alkali metals have?
- Good conductors of electricity and heat
- Shiny when freshly cut
- They’re soft
- Have relatively low melting points
What do alkali metals produce when they react with water?
Metal + water → Metal hydroxide + hydrogen
What is the reactivity trend in the alkali metals?
They’re more reactive going down the group, this is because there is a weaker force of attraction from the nucleus and the outer electron when the atom has more shells because the outer shell is further away from the nucleus, this means the outer electron is more easily lost making it more reactive
Do lithium, sodium and potassium float in water?
Yes, this is because they’re less dense than water
How are sodium lithium and potassium stored?
In oil to keep air and water away
What state is fluorine in at room temperature?
Pale yellow gas
What state is chlorine in at room temperature?
Yellow/green gas
What state is bromine in at room temperature?
Red-brown liquid
What state is iodine in at room temperature?
Dark grey solid
What happens to the melting and boiling points of the halogens as you go down the group?
They increase
What happens to the intermolecular forces of the halogens going down the group?
They become stronger so more heat energy is required to overcome these forces
What do halogens produce when they react with metals?
Metal + halogen → metal halide
Are halogen atoms reduced or oxidised in reactions with metals?
Reduced, they gain electrons to form ions with a 1- charge
What is the trend in reactivity in the halogens?
They become less reactive going down the group, this is because the outer shell becomes further away from the nucleus meaning there is a weaker force of attraction from the nucleus so electrons are less easily attracted to that atom so which means they’re less reactive further down the group
What do hydrogen halides dissolve in water to produce?
An acidic solution
