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Chem Finals > Reactions of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons > Flashcards

Reactions of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the key reactions of alkenes

A

Hydrogenation
Halogenation
Hydration
Hydrohalogenation

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2
Q

is the addition of a molecule of hydrogen (H2) to
a carbon-carbon double bond to produce an alkane

A

Hydrogenation

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3
Q

Catalyst for hydrogenation

A

Platinum, palladium, nickel

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4
Q

T or F; Heat and pressure may be required in hydrogenation

A

True

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5
Q

Oils are hydrogenated to form what

A

Margarine

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6
Q

What is the product of hydrogenation

A

Alkane

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7
Q

the addition of a molecule of halogen (X2) to a carbon-carbon double bond to produce an alkane

A

Halogenation

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8
Q

T or F; Halogenation of alkenes require catalyst

A

False (they occur quite readily without a catalyst)

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9
Q

What is the reactant added with alkene in halogenation

A

Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine,
Bromine, Iodine,
Astatine)

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10
Q

What are the common reactants used in halogenation of alkenes

A

Bromine and Chloride

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11
Q

What is the product of halogenation of alkenes

A

Alkyl dihalide (Alkane)

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12
Q

addition-reaction; a water molecule can be added to an alkene

A

Hydration

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13
Q

What are the catalysts for hydration of alkenes

A

Strong acids

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14
Q

Enumerate the strong acids needed in hydration of alkenes

A

Hydrochloric acid HCl,
Nitric acid HNO3,
Sulfuric acid H2SO4,
Hydrobromic acid HBr,
Hydroiodic acid HI,
Perchloric acid HClO4

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15
Q

Product formed in hydration of alkene

A

alcohol

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16
Q

empirical rule used to predict regioselectivity of electrophilic
addition reactions of alkenes and alkynes

A

Markovnikov’s Rule

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17
Q

What are hydrogen halides

A

Hydrogen bonded to a halogen

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18
Q

Addition-reaction; An alkene can be combined with a hydrogen halide such as HBr
or HCl

A

Hydrohalogenation

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19
Q

Product formed in hydrohalogenation of alkenes

A

Alkyl halide

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20
Q

Product formed in hydration of alkynes

A

Enol (which will tautomerize)
Aldehyde/ketone

21
Q

Reactant needed in hydration of alkynes

A

Water

22
Q

What type of reaction is halogenation of benzene

A

Substitution reaction

23
Q

In this reaction of benzenes, the H atom is replaced by a halogen

A

Halogenation (of benzenes)

24
Q

In this reaction of benzenes, the H atom is replaced with a nitro on the ring

A

Nitration

25
Q

Catalyst needed in halogenation of benzenes

A

Lewis acids ( FeCl3 or FeBr3)

26
Q

Catalyst needed in nitration of benzenes

A

Concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

27
Q

Reactant in nitration of benzene

A

Nitric acid (HNO3)

28
Q

Reactant in sulfonation

A

Sulfur trioxide (SO3)

29
Q

Catalyst needed in sulfonation of benzene

A

Concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

30
Q

Product of halogenation ofbenzene

A

Aryl halide (benzene with halogen teh)

31
Q

Product of nitration of benzene

A

Nitrobenzene

32
Q

Product of sulfonation of benzene

A

Benzenesulfonic acid

33
Q

Type of reaction; nitration of benzene

A

Substitution reaction

34
Q

Type of reaction; sulfonation of benzene

A

Substitution reaction

35
Q

What rule says that the hydrogen atom of the HX reagent adds to the carbon atom of the double bond that has more hydrogen atoms attached to it?

A

Markovnikov’s rule(r) kimmy

36
Q

Which of the following is the reaction involved when 4-methyl-3-heptene is converted to 4-methyl-4-heptanol?

A

Hydration

37
Q

In the food industry, what substance undergoes hydrogenation to produce margarine?

A

Vegetable oil

38
Q

What polymers of alkene is used as fiberglass?

A

polymethyl methacrylate

39
Q

T or F; The hydrogenation of alkene uses a metallic catalyst to yield a saturated hydrocarbon.

A

EURT

40
Q

T or F; Bromination of benzene (C6H6), an aromatic compound occurs by addition rather than substitution

A

FALSE (It occurs by substitution rather than addition)

41
Q

T of F; Sulfuric acid is a catalyst used in the hydration of terminal alkynes to yield ketones.

A

TRUE22O

42
Q

T or F; Markovnikov’s rule says
the hydrogen atom of the HX reagent adds to the carbon atom of the double bond that has more alkyl groups attached to it.

A

FALSE; hydrogen atom of the HX reagent adds to the carbon atom of the double bond that has more HYDROGEN ATOMS attached to it.

43
Q

What are the three general types of addition reactions?

A

Symmetrical
Unsymmetrical
Self-addition or polymerization

44
Q

Type of addition reaction; the same atom is added to each carbon

A

Symmetrical

45
Q

Type of addition reaction; H and another atom are added to the two carbons; this only happens when you use acid or water in your reaction

A

Unsymmetrical

46
Q

Type of addition reaction; repeat the alkene monomer unit to itself to create a more complex/longer structure

A

Self-addition or polymerization

47
Q

What are the reactions of alkene that classify under symmetrical addition reactions?

A

Hydrogenation
Halogenation

48
Q

What are the reactions of alkene that classify under unsymmetrical addition reactions?

A

Hydrohalogenation
Hydration

Chem Finals (5 decks)

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