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Chem Finals > Important Applications of Functional Groups > Flashcards

Important Applications of Functional Groups Flashcards

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1
Q

IMPORTANT ALCOHOL

  • Colorless and odorless liquid
  • Used as a solvent
  • Toxic, can cause blindness and
    death if ingested
  • Can be used as a fuel
A

Methanol

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2
Q

IMPORTANT ALCOHOL

  • An odorless and colorless liquid
  • Widely used as a solvent
  • The alcohol in alcoholic
    beverages
  • Derived from the fermentation
    of carbohydrates
  • Beverage produced varies with
    the starting material and the
    fermentation process
A

Ethanol

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3
Q

Ethanol is derived from _____

A

Fermentation of carbohydrates

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4
Q

IMPORTANT ALCOHOL

  • Colorless, but has a slight odor
  • Commonly called rubbing alcohol
  • Toxic when ingested
    Used as a:
  • Disinfectant
  • Astringent
  • Industrial solvent
A

2-propanol (Isopropyl alcohol)

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5
Q

IMPORTANT ALCOHOL

  • Used as automobile antifreeze
  • Has a sweet taste, but is
    extremely poisonous
  • Added to water
  • Lowers the freezing point
  • Raises the boiling point
A

1,2-ethanediol

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6
Q

IMPORTANT ALCOHOL

  • Very viscous, thick
  • Has a sweet taste
  • Non-toxic
  • Highly water soluble
A

1,2,3-propanetriol (glycerol)

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7
Q

IMPORTANT ALCOHOL

Used in:
* Cosmetics
* Pharmaceuticals
* Lubricants
* Esterification of fatty acids
* Obtained as a by-product of fat hydrolysis

A

1,2,3-propanetriol

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8
Q
  • Components of flavorings and
    fragrances

Widely used in healthcare as:
* Germicides
* Antiseptics
* Disinfectants

A

Phenol

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9
Q

Often used as anesthetics

A

Ethers

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10
Q

Accumulate in the lipid material of nerve cells interfering with nerve impulse of transmission

A

Ethers

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11
Q

What kind of ethers are used today as general
anesthetics because it’s less flammable and safer to store and to work with?

A

Halogenated ethers

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12
Q

Chemically, they are inert; do not normally react with reducing agents or bases

A

Ethers

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13
Q

states that in an elimination reaction the alkene with the
greatest number of alkyl groups on the double-bonded carbon is the
major product of the reaction

A

Zaitsev’s rule

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14
Q

True or false; Ethers are extremely volatile and highly flammable

A

True

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15
Q

True or false; Thiols have nice aroma

A

False (They have nauseating aroma)

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16
Q

The thiol-disulfide redox
pair controls a critical
factor in protein
structure called

A

Disulfide bridge

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17
Q

What can undergo oxidation to form cystine

A

Cysteine molecules

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18
Q

Have sharp, sour taste and unpleasant aromas

A

Carboxylic acid (lower molar mass)

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19
Q

commonly used as antibacterial and antifungal
preservatives and as flavoring agents in food, cosmetics, hygiene, and
pharmaceutical products.

A

Benzoic acid derivatives

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20
Q

What are citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, and malic acid?

A

Carboxylic acid derivatives

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21
Q

found in citrus fruits

A

Citric acid

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22
Q

Bacteria in mild produce this as a product of the
fermentation of sugars

A

Lactic acid

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23
Q

used in baking
powder because it will react with
carbonates in the dough

A

Tartaric acid

24
Q

gives a sour taste to
green apples

A

Malic acid

25
Q

long-chain
carboxylic acids found in plant
and animal sources

A

Fatty acid

26
Q

derivatives of carboxylic acids
having the general formula: RCOCl

A

Acid chlorides

27
Q
  • Noxious, irritating chemicals requiring great care in
    handling
  • Slightly polar, boiling near the corresponding carbonyl’s
    temperature
  • React violently with water
  • Widely used in the production of pesticides, plastics, and
    polymers
A

Acid chlorides

28
Q

Form from the reaction of
a carboxylic acid with an
alcohol.

A

Esters

29
Q

Most have pleasant odors
(fruity scents) such as
raspberry, banana, pear,
apple, and pineapple

A

Esters

30
Q

a gas
used in aqueous solutions as formalin
to preserve tissue

A

Methanal (formaldehyde)

31
Q

produced
from ethanol in the liver causing
hangover symptoms

A

Ethanal (acetaldehyde)

32
Q

simplest
possible ketone which is miscible with water and flammable

A

Propanone (acetone)

33
Q

Found in vanilla beans

A

Vanillin

34
Q

Used in mushroom flavoring

A

2-octanone

35
Q

found in almonds; causes smell

A

Benzaldehyde

36
Q

Aldehyde found in cinnamon

A

Cinnamaldehyde

37
Q

derived from ammonia (NH3), have a
rotting fish smell, basic in nature, and
small compouds of this group are miscible in water.

A

Amines

38
Q

Amine that stimulate the central
nervous syste

A

Amphetamines

39
Q

Amines as pain relievers and anesthetics

A

Analgesics

40
Q

Benzendrine and methedrine are examples of?

A

Amphetamines

41
Q

Novacaine and Demerol are examples of?

A

Analgesics

42
Q

Amines that shrink the
membranes lining
the nasal passages

A

Decongestants

43
Q

Amines that are described as first chemicals used to fight infections

A

Sulfa drugs

44
Q
  • Cyclic compounds
    that have at
    least one N in
    the ring
  • Many are
    physiologically
    active and many
    are critical in
    biochemistry
A

Heterocyclic amines

45
Q

naturally
occurring compounds
with one or more
nitrogen-containing
heterocyclic rin

A

Alkaloids

46
Q

Cocaine, morphine, nicotine, quinine, heroine, and LSD are examples of?

A

Alkaloids

47
Q

A protein is a polymer of amino acids linked by the __________

A

Amide bonds

48
Q

Oxytocin and vasopressin are examples of?

A

Hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland EYYYY (kung ‘di mo alam ‘to mag-aral ka an huy kimmy)

Examples of amides ‘yan teh

49
Q

Tylenol, Paracetamol,
Panadol used as an aspirin
substitute. It acts to reduce
fever and pain.

A

Acetaminophen

50
Q

depressant
drugs used to induce sleep,
release tension, and treat
seizure disorder and severe
trauma in the skull.

A

Barbiturates

51
Q

Acetaminophen and barbiturates are examples of

A

Amides

52
Q

a coenzyme commonly involved in biological oxidation/reduction reactions

A

NAD+

53
Q

catalyze by the liver enzymes result to different physiological effects
on the body

A

Oxidation of alcohols

54
Q

causes coagulation
of proteins in the cell.

A

Formaldehyde

55
Q

Acetaldehyde is oxidized to ______, a normal constituent of a cell

A

Acetic acid

Chem Finals (5 decks)

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