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Chemistry revision > Reactions of Ions in Aqueous Solution > Flashcards

Reactions of Ions in Aqueous Solution Flashcards

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1
Q

Are 2+ ions or 3+ ions more acidic in solution? why?

A

3+ ions are much more acidic

  • 3+ ions are smaller and more highly charged, so have a higher charge density.
  • They attract the electrons from the oxygen of the ligands much more strongly. This weakens the O-H bonds, so the complex readily releases a H+ ion into the solution, making it acidic.
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2
Q

Write an equation for the hydrolysis of a 3+ ion to

release a proton

A

[Fe(H2O)6]3+ (aq) ⇌ [Fe(H2O)5(OH)]2+ (aq) + H+ (aq)

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3
Q

What kind of acid is the complex ion acting as?

Why? [Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq) ⇌ [Fe(H2O)5(OH)]2+(aq) + H+(aq)

A

Bronsted-Lowry - donates a proton

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4
Q

Define a Lewis acid

A

Electron pair acceptor

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5
Q

Define a Lewis base

A

Electron pair donor

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6
Q

What is acting as the Lewis acid and what is acting as the Lewis base during the formation of complex ions?

A

The metal ion is acting at the Lewis acid and the ligands as Lewis bases

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7
Q

What happens to Fe2+ in aqueous solution?

A

Complex ion: [Fe(H2O)6]2+(aq)

Colour: green

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8
Q

What happens to Fe2+ when you add NaOH? (dropwise and excess)

A

Complex ion: [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2] (s)

Colour: green ppt, goes brown on standing in air

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9
Q

What happens to Fe2+ when you add NH3? (dropwise and excess)

A

Complex ion: [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2] (s)

Colour: green ppt, goes brown on standing in air

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10
Q

What happens to Fe2+ when you add Na2CO3?

A

Complex ion: FeCO3(s)

Colour: green ppt

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11
Q

Why does the green ppt go brown on standing in air in the reaction of Fe2+ with NH3?

A

Oxygen in the air oxidises Fe2+ to Fe3+, and [Fe(OH)3(H2O)3] is brown, so colour changes

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12
Q

What happens to Cu2+ in aqueous solution?

A

Complex ion: [Cu(H2O)6]2+

Colour: blue

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13
Q

What happens to Cu2+ when you add NaOH? (dropwise and excess)

A

Complex ion: [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] (s)

Colour: blue ppt

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14
Q

What happens to Cu2+ when you add NH3? (dropwise)

A

Complex ion: [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] (s)

Colour: blue ppt

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15
Q

What happens to Cu2+ when you add NH3? (excess)

A

Complex ion: [Cu(H2O)2(NH3)4]2+ (aq)

Colour: deep blue solution

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16
Q

What happens to Cu2+ when you add Na2CO3?

A

Complex ion: CuCO3

Colour: deep blue solution

17
Q

What happens to Cu2+ when you add concentrated HCl?

A

Complex ion: [CuCl4]2- (aq)

Colour: pale green/yellow solution

18
Q

What happens to Fe3+ in aqueous solution?

A

Complex ion: Fe(H2O)6]3+

Colour: Purple solution, may look yellow-brown due to [Fe(H2O)5(OH)]2+ (aq)

19
Q

What happens to Fe3+ when you add NaOH? (dropwise and excess)

A

Complex ion: [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] (s)

Colour: Brown ppt, may look orange-brown

20
Q

What happens to Fe3+ when you add NH3? (dropwise and excess)

A

Complex ion: [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] (s)

Colour: Brown ppt, may look orange-brown

21
Q

What happens to Fe3+ when you add Na2CO3?

A

Complex ion: [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] (s)

Colour: Brown ppt, may look orange-brown, effervesence

22
Q

What happens to Al3+ in aqueous solution?

A

Complex ion: [Al(H2O)6]3+

Colour: Colourless solution

23
Q

What happens to Al3+ when you add NaOH? (dropwise)

A

Complex ion: [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] (s)

Colour: White ppt

24
Q

What happens to Al3+ when you add NaOH? (excess)

A

Complex ion: [Al(OH)4]- (aq)

Colour: Colourless solution

25
Q

What happens to Al3+ when you add NH3? (dropwise and excess)

A

Complex ion: [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] (s)

Colour: White ppt

26
Q

What happens to Al3+ when you add Na2CO3?

A

Complex ion: [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] (s)

Colour: White ppt, effervescence

27
Q

What happens to Co2+ in aqueous solution?

A

Complex ion: [Co(H2O)6]2+

Colour: pink

28
Q

What happens to Co2+ when you add NaOH? (dropwise and excess)

A

Complex ion: [Co(H2O)4(OH)2] (s)

Colour: blue ppt

29
Q

What happens to Co2+ when you add NH3? (dropwise and excess)

A

Complex ion: [Co(NH3)6]2+(aq)

Colour: pale brown solution

30
Q

What happens to Co2+ when you add Na2CO3?

A

Complex ion: CoCO3 (s)

Colour: purple ppt

31
Q

What happens to Co2+ when you add HCl?

A

Complex ion: [CoCl4]2- (aq)

Colour: blue solution

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