Organic Chemistry Introduction

Question 1

Define empirical formula.

Answer 1

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule

Question 2

Define molecular formula.

Answer 2

Gives the actual number of atoms of different elements in a molecule

Question 3

Define displayed formula

Answer 3

Shows every atom and every bond in a molecule

Question 4

Define structural formula

Answer 4

Shows arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond

Question 5

Define skeletal formula

Answer 5

Drawn as lines with each vertex being a carbon atom. Carbon atoms not drawn, assumed each C atom has all unspecified bonds as C-H

Question 6

Give the suffixes for No double bonds

Answer 6

-ane

Question 7

Give the suffixes for At least one double bond

Answer 7

-ene

Question 8

Give the prefix for a CH3

group

Answer 8

methyl-

Question 9

Give the prefix for a C2H5

group

Answer 9

ethyl-

Question 10

Give the prefix for a C3H7 group

Answer 10

propyl-

Question 11

Give the prefix for a C4H9 group

Answer 11

butyl-

Question 12

Give the prefix for a Cl

Answer 12

chloro-

Question 13

Give the prefix for a Br

Answer 13

bromo-

Question 14

Give the prefix for a l

Answer 14

iodo-

Question 15

Define structural isomerism

Answer 15

When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 16

What is positional isomerism?

Answer 16

Functional group is attached to the main chain at a different place

Question 17

What is functional group isomerism?

Answer 17

Same atoms but a different functional group due to a different arrangement of atoms

Question 18

What is chain isomerism?

Answer 18

Hydrocarbon chain organised differently e.g.

branched chains

Question 19

Define stereoisomerism.

Answer 19

When molecules have the same structural and

molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 20

What is E-Z isomerism?

Answer 20

E-Z isomerism is caused by the limited rotation about C=C double bonds

Question 21

How are the E and Z

isomers decided?

Answer 21

If the two substituents with the highest molecular mass are on the same side of the double bond, it is the Z (zusammen) isomer
If they are on different sides, it is the E (entgegen) isomer